 |
| 1 | |
Metabolism is most accurately referred to as |
| | A) | the period when ingested nutrients enter the blood from the gastrointestinal tract. |
| | B) | the period when the gastrointestinal tract is empty of food. |
| | C) | the release of heat into the environment. |
| | D) | the sum of all activities and chemical reactions in an animal's body. |
| | E) | None of the choices accurately describe metabolism. |
|
|
|
| 2 | |
The blood concentration of insulin _______ during the absorptive state and ______ during the postabsorptive state. |
| | A) | decreases; increases |
| | B) | decreases; decreases |
| | C) | increases; decreases |
| | D) | increases; increases |
|
|
|
| 3 | |
Insulin exerts its effects mainly on |
| | A) | adipose tissue. |
| | B) | muscle tissue. |
| | C) | the nervous system. |
| | D) | adipose tissue and muscle tissue. |
| | E) | adipose tissue, muscle tissue, and the nervous system. |
|
|
|
| 4 | |
Which of the following is not affected by temperature? |
| | A) | Activity of enzymes |
| | B) | Rate of chemical reactions |
| | C) | Stability of biological membranes |
| | D) | Activity of enzymes and rate of chemical reactions |
| | E) | All of the choices are affected by temperature |
|
|
|
| 5 | |
True or False: According to the Body Mass Index (BMI), a person 185 cm in height who weighs 106 kg would be considered obese. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 6 | |
Which of the following affect metabolic rate? |
| | A) | Size |
| | B) | Activity |
| | C) | Digestion |
| | D) | Size and digestion |
| | E) | Size, activity, and digestion |
|
|
|
| 7 | |
The synthesis of glucose in the liver from noncarbohydrate precursors is most accurately referred to as ______________, while the hydrolysis of glycogen into glucose is most accurately referred to as _______________. |
| | A) | glycogenolysis; glycolysis |
| | B) | gluconeogenesis; glycogenolysis |
| | C) | glycolysis; gluconeogenesis |
| | D) | glycogenolysis; gluconeogenesis |
| | E) | glycolysis; glycogenolysis |
|
|
|
| 8 | |
Which of the following statements about fat metabolism is incorrect? |
| | A) | The essential step in the preservation of glucose for use by the nervous system is the production of triglycerides from adipose. |
| | B) | The liver is the only vertebrate organ that does not use most of the fatty acids entering it during the postabsorptive state for its own energy source. |
| | C) | The increase in fat utilization and subsequent decrease in glucose utilization, reserving the glucose for use by the nervous system, is most accurately referred to as glucose sparing. |
| | D) | The brain increasingly uses amines as an energy source during the first few days of a fast. |
| | E) | All of the statements about fat metabolism are correct. |
|
|
|
| 9 | |
True or False: The structure of GLUT proteins involves 12 membrane-spanning helical domains that anchor the protein in plasma membranes, and is highly conserved across phylogenetic lines. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 10 | |
Which of the following conditions leads to increased insulin levels in the blood? |
| | A) | Nerve signals from the brain during a meal |
| | B) | Increase in blood glucose levels |
| | C) | Nerve signals from the brain during an acutely stressful situation |
| | D) | Nerve signals from the brain during a meal and increase in blood glucose levels |
| | E) | Nerve signals from the brain during a meal, increase in blood glucose levels, and nerve signals from the brain during an acutely stressful situation |
|
|
|
| 11 | |
Which of the following is stimulated by glucagon in the liver? |
| | A) | Ketone synthesis |
| | B) | Glycogenolysis |
| | C) | Gluconeogenesis |
| | D) | Glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis |
| | E) | Ketone synthesis, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis |
|
|
|
| 12 | |
True or False: The basal metabolic rate (BMR) is a measurement of metabolism based mainly on the function of which of the following? |
| | A) | Heart |
| | B) | Kidneys |
| | C) | Brain |
| | D) | Liver |
| | E) | All of the functions are the basis of BMR. |
|
|
|
| 13 | |
Which one of the following factors most increases metabolic rate? |
| | A) | Body size |
| | B) | Eating and digesting food |
| | C) | Hibernation |
| | D) | Torpor |
| | E) | Increased skeletal muscle activity |
|
|
|
| 14 | |
Leptin is produced by ________ in proportion to _________________. |
| | A) | the brain; satiety level |
| | B) | the pancreas; insulin levels |
| | C) | liver cells; glycogen levels |
| | D) | adipose cells; fat mass |
| | E) | gluconeogenesis; glucose concentration |
|
|
|
| 15 | |
An organism that maintains its body temperature within a very narrow range is most accurately described as a/an |
| | A) | endotherm. |
| | B) | ectotherm. |
| | C) | homeotherm. |
| | D) | heterotherm. |
| | E) | All of these organisms maintain their body temperature within a narrow range |
|
|
|
| 16 | |
Which of the following is not a way in which an animal exchanges heat with its environment? |
| | A) | Evaporation |
| | B) | Radiation |
| | C) | Conduction |
| | D) | Transpiration |
| | E) | Convection |
|
|
|
| 17 | |
True or False: Countercurrent heat exchange is a method of heat conservation employed by ectotherms but not endotherms. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 18 | |
Which of the following statements about regulation of body temperature is correct? |
| | A) | Humans do not have an equivalent to feathers or thick fur for retaining heat. |
| | B) | Huddling reduces heat loss because the huddled bodies reduce the level of convection. |
| | C) | A primary advantage of panting over sweating is that no salt is lost during panting. |
| | D) | The most important factor determining evaporation rate during perspiration is the temperature of the air. |
| | E) | Changes in muscle activity constitute the major control of heat production for temperature regulation in ectotherms. |
|
|
|
| 19 | |
Which of the following statements regarding Brown Adipose Tissue is correct? |
| | A) | Only human infants are known to have brown adipose tissue |
| | B) | Shivering thermogenesis occurs primarily in brown adipose tissue |
| | C) | Brown adipose tissue is responsive to hormones and signals from the nervous system. |
| | D) | Brown adipose tissue metabolizes and stores fats. |
| | E) | All of the statements regarding brown adipose tissue are correct |
|
|
|
| 20 | |
Which of the following abnormalities is frequently observed in a person with anorexia nervosa? |
| | A) | Altered secretion of some hormones |
| | B) | Low blood pressure |
| | C) | Low body temperature |
| | D) | Loss of menstrual periods |
| | E) | All of the abnormalities are frequently observed in a person with anorexia nervosa. |
|
|
.