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1 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Defenses that are present at birth and function largely the same regardless of the identity of the invader are referred to as _______________, while defenses that develop only after an encounter with a specific foreign substance are referred to as _____________. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | innate immunity; acquired immunity |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | acquired immunity; autoimmunity |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | autoimmunity; innate immunity |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | innate immunity; autoimmunity |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | acquired immunity; innate immunity |
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2 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Which one of the following leukocytes functions as a phagocytic cell? |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Eosinophil |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Monocyte |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Basophil |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Mast cell |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Neutrophil |
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3 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Which of the following statements about the specific immune response is incorrect? |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Helper T cells do not directly kill an infected, mutated, or transplanted cell. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A foreign molecule that induces an immune response is referred to as an antigen. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | The ability to adapt immune activity to a specific invader is found exclusively in vertebrates. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Specific immune responses are due primarily to the action of lymphocytes. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | All of the statements about the specific immune response are correct. |
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4 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Which of the following lymphocytes would most likely be involved in an immune response to cancer? |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B cells |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Plasma cells |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Helper T cells |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Cytotoxic T cells |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Natural Killer Cells |
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5 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) True or False: Humoral immunity utilizes cells that directly encounter and destroy infected body cells and cell mediated immunity utilizes plasma cells to secrete antibodies. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | True |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | False |
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6 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Which of the following cell types would be least likely to participate in an inflammatory response? |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Mast cells |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Neutrophils |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Macrophages |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Natural killer cells |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Dendritic cells |
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7 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) True or False: The release of inflammatory mediators like nitric oxide by phagocytic cells to recruit additional phagocytic cells is an example of positive feedback. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | True |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | False |
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8 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) An animal is infected with a type of virus consisting of a nucleic acid genome surrounded by a simple protein coat. Which of the following cell types or molecules would be least likely to participate in the removal of the virus? |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Neutrophils |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Antibodies |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Interferons |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | T cells |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Complement |
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9 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) The production of antibodies that bind to antigens is most accurately referred to as |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | nonspecific immunity. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | cell-mediated immunity. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | autoimmunity. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | humoral immunity. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | cytotoxic immunity. |
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10 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) B cell receptors differ from plasma cell secreted antibodies by which of the following? |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Heavy chain domain |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Light chain domain |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Hinge region |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Transmembrane domain |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Antigen Binding sites |
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11 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) True or False: Lymphocyte recirculation increases the likelihood that a given lymphocyte will encounter an antigen it is programmed to recognize. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | True |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | False |
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12 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) The process of a lymphocyte binding to an antigen, dividing, and producing progeny which can also recognize that antigen is most accurately referred to as |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | mitotic immunity. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | clonal selection. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | immune amplification. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | antigen presentation. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | histocompatibility. |
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13 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) The first immunoglobulin involved in an immune response against an upper respiratory infection would most likely be |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | IgM. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | IgA. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | IgG. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | IgD. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | IgE. |
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14 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Which of the following statements about immunoglobulins is incorrect? |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | All vertebrates have IgM molecules, but other immunoglobulin types are found in some vertebrates but not others. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | The antigen-binding region of an immunoglobulin molecule is comprised of regions of light chains as well has heavy chains. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Variation in immunoglobulin specificity is a result of recombination and hypermutation. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Invertebrates lack immunoglobulins, but have proteins with regions called Ig domains that are similar to domains of immunoglobulins. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | All of the statements about immunoglobulins are correct. |
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15 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) The human genome contains _______ genes which code for immunoglobulins; the human body produces immunoglobulin molecules with _____________ different antigen specificities. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ~200; ~200 |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ~200; millions of |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | thousands of; millions of |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | millions of; thousands of |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | millions of; ~200 |
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16 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) The physical linkage of antibodies to an antigen and phagocyte is most accurately described as |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | a humoral response. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | a specific immune response. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | inflammation. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | opsonization. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | phagocytosis. |
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17 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Which of the following cell types can function as an antigen-presenting cell for a helper T cell? |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Dendritic cells |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Macrophages |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B cells |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Dendritic cells and B cells |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells |
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18 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Which of the following cell types would be least likely to induce activation of a cytotoxic T cell? |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Liver cells |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Tracheal epithelial cells |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Red blood cells |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Skeletal muscle cells |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Pancreatic cells |
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19 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) Which of the following statements about antibodies is correct? |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Some B cells become memory cells during a response to an antigen instead of differentiating into plasma cells. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Secreted antibodies bind to surface antigens on bacterial cells and directly cause the destruction of the invading cell. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | C)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | Antibodies directed against viral proteins cannot prevent viruses from attaching to their host cells. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | D)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | When an antibody links a microbe to a phagocytic cell for recognition and removal, this process is referred to as adherence. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | E)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | All of the statements about antibodies are correct. |
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20 | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) True or False: A secondary humoral immune response is more rapid, stronger, and longer lasting than a primary humoral immune response. |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | A)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | True |
| ![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | B)![](/olcweb/styles/shared/spacer.gif) | False |
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