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1
The specific genetic and physiological mechanisms of behavior are most accurately referred to as
A)variables.
B)ultimate causes.
C)proximate causes.
D)direct agents.
E)indirect agents.
2
Genetically preprogrammed behaviors are most often referred to as
A)natural.
B)ethological.
C)imprinting.
D)innate.
E)learned.
3
Which of the following is a consideration during foraging?
A)Obtaining the most energy possible with the least expenditure of energy
B)reducing the risk of predation
C)minimizing competition with other individuals
D)Obtaining the most energy possible with the least expenditure of energy and reducing the risk of predation
E)Obtaining the most energy possible with the least expenditure of energy, reducing the risk of predation , and minimizing competition with other individuals
4
True or False: A scent used as chemical communication for marking territory is likely to persist longer than a scent used as chemical communication to locate food.
A)True
B)False
5
Which one of the following is a disadvantage of group living?
A)increased vigilance
B)protection in numbers
C)competition for food
D)Increased vigilance and protection in numbers
E)Increased vigilance protection in numbers, and competition for food
6
True or False: Behavior that benefits others at a cost to oneself is known as altruism.
A)True
B)False
7
Which of the following is not an argument against group selection as proposed by G.C. Williams?
A)Mutation
B)Immigration
C)Resource prediction
D)Individual selection
E)All of the choices were arguments presented by Williams against group selection.





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