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| 1 | |
Which of the following would be considered a primary consumer in a common food chain? |
| | A) | Grass |
| | B) | Nitrogen fixing bacteria |
| | C) | Hawks |
| | D) | Cows |
| | E) | Wolves |
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| 2 | |
The amount of energy produced by primary producers is referred to as |
| | A) | heterotrophic accessibility. |
| | B) | ecosystem biomass. |
| | C) | global photosynthetic yield. |
| | D) | gross primary production. |
| | E) | net primary production. |
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| 3 | |
Match the component of a biogeochemical cycle on the left with the representative transport mechanism on the right.
| i: biological | A: weathering and erosion | | ii: Chemical | B: absorption | | iii: Geological | C: dissolved matter |
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| | A) | i = b; ii = a; iii = c |
| | B) | i = b; ii = c; iii = a |
| | C) | i = c; ii = b; iii = a |
| | D) | i = a; ii = b; iii = c |
| | E) | i = a; ii = c; iii = b |
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| 4 | |
Which of the following statements about ecosystems and ecosystems ecology is correct? |
| | A) | The biomass produced through photosynthesis is referred to as primary production. |
| | B) | The ecosystem concept can be applied at any scale. |
| | C) | Ecosystems typically do not have clearly defined boundaries. |
| | D) | An ecosystem is comprised of both biotic and abiotic components. |
| | E) | All of the statements about ecosystems and ecosystems ecology are correct. |
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| 5 | |
A plant is eaten by a caterpillar, which in turn is eaten by a lizard. That lizard is then eaten by a snake, which in turn is eaten by a mongoose. In this scenario, the snake is most accurately defined as a |
| | A) | primary consumer. |
| | B) | tertiary consumer. |
| | C) | primary producer. |
| | D) | quaternary consumer. |
| | E) | secondary consumer. |
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| 6 | |
In the previous question, the chain length would be: |
| | A) | 5. |
| | B) | 4. |
| | C) | 3. |
| | D) | 2. |
| | E) | 1. |
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| 7 | |
True or False: The amount of energy at one trophic level that is incorporated into biomass by the trophic level above it is most accurately referred to as trophic-level transfer efficiency. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 8 | |
If an organism has a production efficiency of 2.0%, how many joules of energy would be devoted to growth in 5000 joules of food? |
| | A) | 1000 |
| | B) | 2.5 |
| | C) | 500 |
| | D) | 10 |
| | E) | 100 |
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| 9 | |
Which of the following ecological pyramids cannot be inverted? |
| | A) | Pyramid of numbers |
| | B) | Pyramid of biomass |
| | C) | Pyramid of energy |
| | D) | Pyramid of numbers and pyramid of biomass |
| | E) | Pyramid of numbers, pyramid of biomass, and pyramid of energy |
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| 10 | |
Which of the following statements about DDT is correct?
DDT |
| | A) | is easily degraded by direct sunlight. |
| | B) | lasts 2 to 3 times longer in soil than other pesticides. |
| | C) | has high solubility in water and low solubility in lipids. |
| | D) | accumulates primarily in the lower trophic levels. |
| | E) | All of the statements about DDT are correct. |
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| 11 | |
True or False: Liebig's law of the minimum states that species biomass is ultimately dependent on the ecosystem's limiting factor. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 12 | |
Which one of the following factors is most likely to limit the depth to which primary producers can grow in an aquatic environment? |
| | A) | Oxygen |
| | B) | Carbon |
| | C) | Light |
| | D) | Pressure |
| | E) | Temperature |
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| 13 | |
Which of the following contribute to low trophic-level transfer efficiency? |
| | A) | inability of predators to fully digest prey |
| | B) | rapid acquisition of biomass |
| | C) | most energy lost as heat during metabolism |
| | D) | Inability of predators to fully digest prey and most energy lost as heat during metabolism |
| | E) | Inability of predators to fully digest prey, rapid acquisition of biomass, and most energy lost as heat during metabolism |
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| 14 | |
List in order from most important to least important, organisms in an ecosystem as transformers of energy.
I: Plants and algae
II: Animals
III: Bacteria |
| | A) | I: II: II |
| | B) | II: I: III |
| | C) | III: I: II |
| | D) | I: III: II |
| | E) | II: III: I |
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| 15 | |
True or False: The carbon cycle is an example of a local biogeochemical cycle. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 16 | |
Which of the following biogeochemical cycles has no gaseous component and is considered a "local" cycle only? |
| | A) | Carbon cycle |
| | B) | Water cycle |
| | C) | Phosphorous cycle |
| | D) | Nitrogen cycle |
| | E) | None of the biogeochemical cycles have gaseous components and are considered local cycles. |
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| 17 | |
Which one of the following represents a source of CO2 in the atmosphere? |
| | A) | burning of fossil fuels |
| | B) | cellular respiration in animals |
| | C) | decomposition of plants |
| | D) | Burning of fossil fuels and cellular respiration in animals |
| | E) | Burning of fossil fuels, cellular respiration in animals, and decomposition of plants |
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| 18 | |
During which stage of the nitrogen cycle is NH3 or NH4+ converted to NO3- by bacteria for use by plants? |
| | A) | Nitrogen fixation |
| | B) | Nitrification |
| | C) | Assimilation |
| | D) | Ammonification |
| | E) | Denitrification |
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| 19 | |
Which of the following statements regarding the sulfur cycle is incorrect? |
| | A) | due to its water solubility, SO2 (sulfur dioxide) can be trapped by water vapor and return to earth as natural acid rain. |
| | B) | In the presence of iron, sulfur can be incorporated into pyritic rocks. |
| | C) | changes in algae populations has the potential to affect weather patterns and climate due to their high production of DMS |
| | D) | The burning of fossil fuels has altered the sulfur cycle more than any other biogeochemical cycle. |
| | E) | All of the statements regarding the sulfur cycle are correct. |
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| 20 | |
True or False: Approximately 2% of the water on Earth is found within the cells of living organisms; the rest cycles between oceans, atmosphere, and land. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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