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| 18 | |
Which of the following epidermal cells functions in immunity? |
| | A) | Langerhans' cells |
| | B) | Merkel's cells |
| | C) | keratinocytes |
| | D) | melanocytes |
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| 19 | |
Which of the following acts as the foundation for the skin? |
| | A) | epidermis |
| | B) | hypodermis |
| | C) | dermis |
| | D) | None of the above. |
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| 20 | |
The subcutaneous layer in the skin is |
| | A) | composed of loose connective tissue and adipose tissue |
| | B) | also another term for the skin |
| | C) | a heat insulator layer which helps to conserve body heat |
| | D) | the site for sweat production |
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| 21 | |
The integumentary system has many functions, one of which is |
| | A) | protection from cancer |
| | B) | production of Vitamin E |
| | C) | detection of painful stimuli |
| | D) | regulation of acid-base balance |
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| 22 | |
Intact skin provides protection because |
| | A) | it forms a physical barrier against the entry of microbes |
| | B) | its secretions keep the skin slightly alkaline |
| | C) | skin contains components of the excretory system |
| | D) | skin enhances water loss from the body |
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| 23 | |
A newborn child's body hair is mostly |
| | A) | lanugo |
| | B) | vernix |
| | C) | vellus |
| | D) | alopecia |
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| 24 | |
During surgery, an anesthesiologist often checks for the presence of cyanosis at the patient's fingertips. If cyanosis is present, what would be a possible cause? |
| | A) | too much blood flowing into the fingertips |
| | B) | poor oxygenation in the patient |
| | C) | reduced blood flow to the patient's fingertips |
| | D) | both B and C |
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| 25 | |
Pattern baldness is relatively rare in women because |
| | A) | it is inhibited by estrogen. |
| | B) | it only occurs in people with two Y chromosomes. |
| | C) | it only occurs in people with an X and a Y chromosome. |
| | D) | women have lower testosterone levels than men. |
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| 26 | |
Delicate unpigmented hairs that cover the fetus in early development are called |
| | A) | terminal hairs. |
| | B) | primary hairs. |
| | C) | lanugo hairs. |
| | D) | vellus hairs. |
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| 27 | |
At birth the hairs of the scalp, eyelids, and eyebrows are replaced by coarser pigmented hairs called |
| | A) | terminal hairs. |
| | B) | primary hairs. |
| | C) | lanugo hairs. |
| | D) | vellus hairs. |
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| 28 | |
Goose-bumps on the skin are due to the contraction of the muscle called |
| | A) | triceps. |
| | B) | arrector pili muscle. |
| | C) | intramuscular. |
| | D) | biceps. |
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| 29 | |
What is the difference between a hair and a hair follicle?
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| | A) | Hair is composed of living stratified squamous tissue, whereas a hair follicle is composed of dead dermal cells. |
| | B) | Hair originates in the subcutaneous layer, whereas a hair follicle originates from the dermis. |
| | C) | Both of them are basically the same. |
| | D) | Dead epidermal cells exist in the hair, whereas a hair follicle is composed of living epidermal cells. |
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| 30 | |
A hair receives its nutrition from |
| | A) | its medulla. |
| | B) | its cortex. |
| | C) | the epithelial root sheath. |
| | D) | the dermal papilla. |
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| 31 | |
The most superficial layer of the epidermis is
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| | A) | stratum basale. |
| | B) | stratum lucidum. |
| | C) | stratum granulosum. |
| | D) | stratum corneum. |
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| 32 | |
Which of the following layers of the epidermis has no nuclei in its cells?
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| | A) | Stratum basale |
| | B) | Stratum spinosum |
| | C) | Stratum granulosum |
| | D) | Stratum corneum |
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| 33 | |
Which of the following is true concerning light and dark-skinned races? |
| | A) | Light-skinned people have fewer melanocytes than dark skinned people. |
| | B) | Melanin production in light-skinned people is greater than in dark-skinned people |
| | C) | Dark-skinned people have the same number of melanocytes as light-skinned people but there is greater melanin production in dark skinned-people. |
| | D) | None of the above. |
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| 34 | |
The activity of apocrine sweat glands |
| | A) | produces cerumen |
| | B) | sometimes leads to body odor |
| | C) | gives the skin a healthy glow |
| | D) | produces sweat on the palm of the hand |
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| 35 | |
Sweat contains |
| | A) | water, salts and wastes |
| | B) | sebum |
| | C) | water only |
| | D) | dead cells, urea and sodium chloride |
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| 36 | |
Which one among the following is not a skin gland? |
| | A) | sebaceous glands |
| | B) | salivary glands |
| | C) | ceruminous glands |
| | D) | mammary glands |
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| 37 | |
The glands most responsible for cooling the skin are |
| | A) | ceruminous |
| | B) | sebaceous |
| | C) | merocrine |
| | D) | exothermic |
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| 38 | |
Eccrine sweat glands |
| | A) | are most common in the armpits and groin. |
| | B) | respond primarily to elevated body temperature. |
| | C) | respond primarily to emotional stress. |
| | D) | usually are associated with hair follicles. |
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| 39 | |
Eccrine sweat glands differ from sebaceous glands |
| | A) | in terms of what is secreted |
| | B) | in their location in the body |
| | C) | because sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles, whereas sweat glands are not |
| | D) | All of the above. |
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| 40 | |
In which of the following regions of the body are apocrine sweat glands most numerous? |
| | A) | forehead |
| | B) | axilla and groin |
| | C) | neck |
| | D) | palms of the hands |
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| 41 | |
Which of the following statements about the sebaceous gland is true? |
| | A) | They are associated with the hair follicle. |
| | B) | Sebaceous glands are also called holocrine glands. |
| | C) | Secretion from sebaceous gland is called sebum. |
| | D) | All of the above statements about the sebaceous gland are true. |
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| 42 | |
Which of the following structures in the hair would contain hard keratin? |
| | A) | Shaft |
| | B) | Hair bulb |
| | C) | Medulla |
| | D) | Cuticle |
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| 43 | |
Which of the following is true concerning hair growth? |
| | A) | Hair grows continually until old age. |
| | B) | Hair grows for a period of time and then rests and grows again. |
| | C) | The period of rest before additional growth is the same for all structures in the body. |
| | D) | Hair grows from cells called the shaft. |
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| 44 | |
When the arrector pili muscle contracts, which of the following happens? |
| | A) | The hair shaft is pulled closer to the skin |
| | B) | The hair shaft is pulled perpendicular to the skin surface. |
| | C) | Movement of the hair follicle causes "goose bumps". |
| | D) | Both B and C. |
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| 45 | |
Which of the following glands produce sweat? |
| | A) | Apocrine |
| | B) | Merocrine |
| | C) | Holocrine |
| | D) | A and B |
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| 46 | |
Which of the following is true concerning the growth of nails? |
| | A) | Nails grow from the hyponychium outward. |
| | B) | Nails are modified structures derived from the stratum corneum. |
| | C) | Fingernails take about six months to grow from the matrix to the end of the nail plate. |
| | D) | Toenails take about three months to grow from the matrix to the end of the nail plate. |
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| 47 | |
Why is it not a good idea for nail technicians to "pull back the cuticles" (eponychium) when
manicuring nails? |
| | A) | The cuticle makes the nail look better. |
| | B) | The cuticle is where the nail grows from. |
| | C) | The cuticle acts as a barrier against infection. |
| | D) | The cuticle makes the nail harder. |
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| 48 | |
The most active growing region of the nail is called |
| | A) | nail matrix. |
| | B) | nail bed. |
| | C) | lunula. |
| | D) | hyponychium. |
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