1			The hypodermis
			A)	is the layer of skin where the hair is produced.
			B)	is the layer of skin where nails are produced.
			C)	connects the dermis to the epidermis.
			D)	is dense irregular connective tissue.
			E)	contains approximately half of the body's stored fat.

For questions 2–5, match the layer of the dermis with the correct description or function:

2			The layer of the dermis closest to the epidermis
			A)	papillary layer
			B)	reticular layer
3			The layer of the dermis responsible for most of the structural strength of the skin
			A)	papillary layer
			B)	reticular layer
4			The layer of the dermis responsible for fingerprints and footprints
			A)	papillary layer
			B)	reticular layer
5			The layer of the dermis responsible for cleavage lines and striae
			A)	papillary layer
			B)	reticular layer
6			A layer of skin (where mitosis occurs) that replaces cells lost from the outer layer of the epidermis is the
			A)	stratum corneum.
			B)	stratum basale.
			C)	stratum lucidum.
			D)	reticular layer.
			E)	hypodermis.
7			If a splinter penetrates the skin of the palm of the hand to the second epidermal layer from the surface, the last layer damaged is the
			A)	stratum granulosum.
			B)	stratum basale.
			C)	stratum corneum.
			D)	stratum lucidum.
			E)	stratum spinosum.

For questions 8–12, match the layer of the epidermis with the correct description or function:

8			Production of keratin fibers; formation of lamellar bodies; limited amount of cell division
			A)	stratum basale
			B)	stratum corneum
			C)	stratum granulosum
			D)	stratum lucidum
			E)	stratum spinosum
9			Desquamation occurs; 25 or more layers of dead squamous cells
			A)	stratum basale
			B)	stratum corneum
			C)	stratum granulosum
			D)	stratum lucidum
			E)	stratum spinosum
10			Production of cells; melanocytes produce and contribute melanin; hemidesmosomes present
			A)	stratum basale
			B)	stratum corneum
			C)	stratum granulosum
			D)	stratum lucidum
			E)	stratum spinosum
11			Production of keratohyalin granules; lamellar bodies release lipids; cells die
			A)	stratum basale
			B)	stratum corneum
			C)	stratum granulosum
			D)	stratum lucidum
			E)	stratum spinosum
12			Dispersion of keratohyalin around keratin fibers; layer appears transparent; cells dead
			A)	stratum basale
			B)	stratum corneum
			C)	stratum granulosum
			D)	stratum lucidum
			E)	stratum spinosum
13			In which of these areas of the body is thick skin found?
			A)	back of the hand
			B)	abdomen
			C)	over the shin
			D)	bridge of the nose
			E)	heel of the foot
14			The function of melanin in the skin is
			A)	lubrication of the skin.
			B)	prevention of skin infections.
			C)	protection from ultraviolet light.
			D)	to reduce water loss.
			E)	to help regulate body temperature.
15			Concerning skin color, which of these statements is not correctly matched?
			A)	skin appears yellow—carotene present
			B)	no skin pigmentation (albinism)—genetic disorder
			C)	skin tans—increased melanin production
			D)	skin appears blue (cyanosis)—oxygenated blood
			E)	African-Americans darker than Caucasians—more melanin in African-American skin
16			After birth, the type of hair on the scalp, eyelids, and eyebrows is
			A)	lanugo.
			B)	terminal hair.
			C)	vellus hair.
17			Hair
			A)	is produced by the dermal root sheath.
			B)	consists of living keratinized epithelial cells.
			C)	is colored by melanin.
			D)	contains mostly soft keratin.
			E)	grows from the tip.
18			Given these parts of a hair and hair follicle: 1. cortex 2. cuticle 3. dermal root sheath 4. epithelial root sheath 5. medulla Arrange the structures in the correct order from the outside of the hair follicle to the center of the hair.
			A)	1,4,3,5,2
			B)	2,1,5,3,4
			C)	3,4,2,1,5
			D)	4,3,1,2,5
			E)	5,4,3,2,1
19			Concerning hair growth:
			A)	Hair falls out of the hair follicle at the end of the growth stage.
			B)	Most of the hair on the body grows continuously.
			C)	Cutting or plucking the hair increases its growth rate and thickness.
			D)	Genetic factors and the hormone testosterone are involved in "pattern baldness."
			E)	Eyebrows have a longer growth stage and resting stage than scalp hair.
20			Smooth muscles that produce "goose bumps" when they contract and are attached to hair follicles are called
			A)	external root sheaths.
			B)	arrector pili.
			C)	dermal papillae.
			D)	internal root sheaths.
			E)	hair bulbs.

For questions 21–23, match the type of gland with the correct description or function.

21			Alveolar glands that produce a white, oily substance; usually open into hair follicles
			A)	apocrine sweat gland
			B)	merocrine sweat gland
			C)	sebaceous gland
22			Coiled tubular glands that secrete a hyposmotic fluid that cools the body; most numerous in the palms of the hands and soles of the feet
			A)	apocrine sweat gland
			B)	merocrine sweat gland
			C)	sebaceous gland
23			Secretions from these coiled tubular glands are broken down by bacteria to produce body odor; found in the axillae, genitalia, and around the anus
			A)	apocrine sweat gland
			B)	merocrine sweat gland
			C)	sebaceous gland
24			The lunula of the nail appears white because
			A)	it lacks melanin.
			B)	blood vessels cannot be seen through the thick nail matrix.
			C)	the eponychium decreases blood flow to the area.
			D)	the nail root is much thicker than the nail body.
			E)	the hyponychium is thicker than the eponychium.
25			The stratum corneum of the nail fold grows onto the nail body as the
			A)	eponychium.
			B)	hyponychium.
			C)	lunula.
			D)	nail bed.
			E)	nail matrix.
26			Most of the nail is produced by the
			A)	eponychium.
			B)	hyponychium.
			C)	nail bed.
			D)	nail matrix.
			E)	dermis.
27			The skin aids in maintaining the calcium and phosphate levels of the body at optimum levels by participating in the production of
			A)	vitamin A.
			B)	vitamin B.
			C)	vitamin D.
			D)	melanin.
			E)	keratin.
28			Which of these processes increase(s) heat loss from the body?
			A)	dilation of dermal arterioles
			B)	constriction of dermal arterioles
			C)	increased sweating
			D)	both a and c
			E)	both b and c
29			In third-degree (full-thickness) burns, both the epidermis and dermis of the skin are destroyed. Which of the following conditions would not occur as a result of a third-degree burn?
			A)	dehydration (increased water loss)
			B)	increased likelihood of infection
			C)	increased sweating
			D)	loss of sensation in the burned area
			E)	poor temperature regulation in the burned area
30			Which of the following factors increases with age?
			A)	blood flow to the skin
			B)	number and diameter of elastic fibers in the skin
			C)	number of melanocytes in some localized areas of the skin
			D)	melanin production in the hair
			E)	activity of sebaceous and sweat glands in the skin