Choose the best answer.

1			What structure conveys urine from the kidney to the bladder?
			A)	ureter
			B)	urethra
			C)	collecting duct
			D)	distal convoluted tubule
			E)	mesonephric duct
2			What is the embryonic kidney that survives into adulthood?
			A)	cloaca
			B)	metanephros
			C)	pronephros
			D)	mesonephros
3			The glomerular capsule and glomerulus make up _______________________ .
			A)	a renal corpuscle.
			B)	a renal pyramid.
			C)	a juxtaglomerular apparatus.
			D)	a nephron.
4			What embryonic structure gives rise to the collecting ducts?
			A)	pronephros
			B)	metanephros
			C)	mesonephric duct
			D)	embryonic cloaca
5			Which type of blood vessel is most abundant in the kidney?
			A)	interlobar arteries
			B)	afferent arterioles
			C)	arcuate arteries
			D)	interlobar arteries
			E)	renal arteries
6			Urine normally contains all of the following EXCEPT ____________________________ .
			A)	sodium.
			B)	urea.
			C)	glucose.
			D)	creatinine.
			E)	potassium.
7			Infection of the urinary bladder is known as ____________________________ .
			A)	pyelitis
			B)	nephroptosis
			C)	cystitis
			D)	renal calculus
			E)	pyelonephritis
8			Which of the following is NOT a part of the renal corpuscle?
			A)	glomerular capillaries
			B)	glomerular capsule
			C)	pedicels
			D)	afferent arteriole
			E)	fenestrations
9			Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?
			A)	They help regulate the pH of body fluids.
			B)	They have a role in erythrocyte production.
			C)	They play a role in production of vitamin D.
			D)	They secrete hormones that stimulate thirst.
			E)	They regulate blood pressure.
10			What is the role of aldosterone?
			A)	Aldosterone promotes sodium reabsorption.
			B)	Aldosterone regulates calcium and phosphate excretion.
			C)	Aldosterone reduces blood flow into the glomerulus.
			D)	Aldosterone promotes water retention and reduces urine volume.
			E)	Aldosterone increases excretion of sodium in the urine.
11			The right kidney is normally lower than the left one because of the __________________.
			A)	stomach
			B)	transverse colon
			C)	liver
			D)	duodenum
12			Which is NOT a function of the kidney?
			A)	Make vitamin D
			B)	Make erythropoietin
			C)	Make renin
			D)	Make blood glucose
			E)	All of the above are correct answers.
			F)	None of the above are correct answers.
13			One of the major functions of the kidney is to ________________.
			A)	filter blood plasma
			B)	remove RBC's
			C)	remove WBC's
			D)	digest fats
14			The normal level of vertebrae that the kidneys lie at is from _________________.
			A)	C6 to T3
			B)	T5 to T9
			C)	T12 to L3
			D)	L5 to S4
15			The kidneys are normally surrounded by _____________.
			A)	peritoneum
			B)	serous fluid
			C)	hilum
			D)	perirenal fat
16			The outside covering of the kidney is called the ______________.
			A)	perirenal fascia
			B)	capsule
			C)	medulla
			D)	calyx
17			The kidney contains two zones called the ___________________.
			A)	parenchyma and retroenchyma
			B)	cortex and medulla
			C)	major and minor calyx
			D)	sinus and pyramids
18			The interlobar arteries are found in the _________ of the kidney.
			A)	columns
			B)	ray
			C)	cortex
			D)	sinus
19			What is the name of the arteries that are located at the junction between the cortex and medulla?
			A)	Interlobar
			B)	Arcuate
			C)	Interlobular
			D)	Afferent
20			The functional structures of the kidney are the ______________. Each kidney normally has about 1.5 million of these.
			A)	sinuses
			B)	calyces
			C)	papilla
			D)	nephrons
21			What is the area of the kidney where all glomeruli are found?
			A)	Cortex
			B)	Medulla
			C)	Pyramid
			D)	Papilla
22			Setting between the afferent, efferent arterioles and the glomerulus is the _______________.
			A)	proximal tubule
			B)	distal tubule
			C)	nephron loop
			D)	collecting duct
23			Which is NOT a function of the nephron?
			A)	Glomerular filtration
			B)	Renal diffusion
			C)	Tubular reabsorption
			D)	Tubular secretion
			E)	Water conservation
24			Normally there is ______________ in the urine of healthy people.
			A)	protein
			B)	RBC's
			C)	WBC's
			D)	glucose
			E)	urea
25			When the nephron loop extends into the medulla of the kidney, this is called a ______________________________ nephron.
			A)	juxtamedullary
			B)	collecting
			C)	cortical
			D)	juxtaglomerular
26			The special regulatory cells in the afferent arteriole, which sit next to the distal tubule, are called _______________.
			A)	juxtamedullary
			B)	collecting
			C)	cortical
			D)	juxtaglomerular
27			The structure(s) that connect the kidney with the urinary bladder are called _______________.
			A)	calyces
			B)	ureters
			C)	pelvis
			D)	urethra
28			The area made-up of the ureter openings and the urethra outlet is called the ______________.
			A)	urethral plain
			B)	detrusor muscle
			C)	rugae
			D)	trigone
29			The urethra is about __________ (times) longer in the male than in the female.
			A)	2
			B)	4
			C)	8
			D)	They are the same length.
30			Which is NOT a part of the male urethra?
			A)	Spongy
			B)	Vaginal
			C)	Membranous
			D)	Prostatic
			E)	Penile