| Blocking | The activities in the stage must stop because there is no place to deposit the item just completed.
|
 |
|
|
| Bottleneck | A resource that limits the capacity or maximum output of the process.
|
|
|
|
| Buffering | A storage area between stages where the output of a stage is placed prior to being used in a downstream stage.
|
|
|
|
| Cycle time | The average time between completions of successive units in a process (this is the definition used in this book).
|
|
|
|
| Days-of-supply | The number of days of inventory of an item.
|
|
|
|
| Efficiency | A ratio of the actual output of a process relative to some standard.
|
|
|
|
| Flow time | The average time that it takes a unit to move through an entire process.
|
|
|
|
| Hybrid | Combines the features of both make-to-order and make-to-stock.
|
|
|
|
| Inventory turn | The cost of goods sold divided by the total average value of inventory.
|
|
|
|
| Job design | Specification of the work activities of an individual or group.
|
|
|
|
| Job enrichment | Specialized work is made more interesting by giving the worker a greater variety of tasks.
|
|
|
|
| Little’s law | States a mathematical relationship between throughput rate, flow time, and the amount of work-in-process inventory
|
|
|
|
| Make-to-order | A process that is activated only in response to an actual order.
|
|
|
|
| Make-to-stock | A process that produces standard products that are stored in finished goods inventory.
|
|
|
|
| Operation time | The sum of the setup time and run time for a batch of parts that are run on a machine.
|
|
|
|
| Pacing | Movement of items through a process is coordinated through a timing mechanism.
|
|
|
|
| Process | Any set of activities performed by an organization that takes inputs and transforms them into outputs ideally of greater value to the organization than the original inputs.
|
|
|
|
| Process velocity (throughput ratio) | The ratio of the value-added time to the flow time.
|
|
|
|
| Productivity | The ratio of output to input.
|
|
|
|
| Run time | The time required to produce a batch of parts.
|
|
|
|
| Setup time | The time required to prepare a machine to make a particular item.
|
|
|
|
| Specialization of labor | Simple, repetitive jobs are assigned to each worker.
|
|
|
|
| Starving | The activities in a stage must stop because there is no work.
|
|
|
|
| Throughput rate | The output rate that the process is expected to produce over a period of time.
|
|
|
|
| Total average value of inventory | The total average investment in raw material, work-in-process, and finished goods inventory.
|
|
|
|
| Utilization | The ratio of the time that a resource is actually activated relative to the time that it is available for use.
|
|
|
|
| Value-added time | The time in which useful work is actually being done on the unit.
|
|
|
|
| Work measurement | Setting time standards for a job.
|