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| 1 | |
During the process of __________, religion will survive in the private sphere, but other social institutions maintain their own sets of norms that are independent of religious guidance. |
| | A) | institutionalization |
| | B) | secularization |
| | C) | separation |
| | D) | emancipation |
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| 2 | |
Religion is a cultural universal. This means that |
| | A) | religion plays an important role in the lives of every societal member. |
| | B) | a majority of societal members are church members. |
| | C) | religious practices of some sort are evident in every society. |
| | D) | as a social institution, religion is paramount to politics, the economy, education, and the family. |
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| 3 | |
Durkheim defined religion as |
| | A) | a vision from God. |
| | B) | a cultural universal. |
| | C) | involving the profane. |
| | D) | a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things. |
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| 4 | |
For Durkheim, those things that are regarded as beyond everyday life and that inspire awe, respect, and even fear are referred to as |
| | A) | sacred. |
| | B) | profane. |
| | C) | ecclesia. |
| | D) | denominational. |
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| 5 | |
Which of the following is an example of what Durkheim termed the profane? |
| | A) | a table for communion |
| | B) | Taoist incense sticks |
| | C) | a chair in a courtroom |
| | D) | a crucifix |
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| 6 | |
Which of the following is NOT a manifest function of religion? |
| | A) | Religion defines the spiritual world. |
| | B) | Through the church, religion functions as a meeting ground for unattached members. |
| | C) | Religion gives meaning to the divine. |
| | D) | Religion provides an explanation for events that seem difficult to understand. |
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| 7 | |
The latent functions of religion can be |
| | A) | unintended. |
| | B) | covert. |
| | C) | hidden. |
| | D) | all of these |
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| 8 | |
Outside of Christianity, the largest single faith in the world is |
| | A) | Judaism |
| | B) | Buddhism |
| | C) | Islam |
| | D) | Hinduism |
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| 9 | |
Sociologist Max Weber pointed out that the followers of John Calvin emphasized a disciplined work ethic, this-worldly concerns, and a rational orientation to life. Collectively, this point of view has been referred to as |
| | A) | capitalism. |
| | B) | the Protestant ethic. |
| | C) | the sacred. |
| | D) | the profane. |
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| 10 | |
The use of a church in a political effort to eliminate poverty, discrimination, and other forms of injustice evident in a secular society is referred to as |
| | A) | liberation theology. |
| | B) | creationism. |
| | C) | ritualism. |
| | D) | religious experience. |
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| 11 | |
Statements to which members of a particular religion adhere are referred to as |
| | A) | denominations. |
| | B) | an ecclesia. |
| | C) | religious beliefs. |
| | D) | religious experience. |
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| 12 | |
According to __________, religion impedes social change by encouraging oppressed people to focus on other-worldly concerns rather than on their immediate poverty or exploitation. |
| | A) | Max Weber |
| | B) | Emile Durkheim |
| | C) | Malcolm X |
| | D) | Karl Marx |
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| 13 | |
Saying grace at a meal, observing a moment of silence in commemorating someone's death, and canonizing a saint are all examples of religious |
| | A) | ritual. |
| | B) | experience. |
| | C) | sectarianism. |
| | D) | creationism. |
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| 14 | |
The most basic manifest function of education is |
| | A) | the transmission of knowledge. |
| | B) | bestowing status. |
| | C) | transmitting culture. |
| | D) | none of these |
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| 15 | |
Standards of behavior that are deemed proper by society and are taught subtly in schools are known collectively as |
| | A) | credentialism. |
| | B) | tracking. |
| | C) | the hidden curriculum. |
| | D) | the correspondence principle. |
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| 16 | |
Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis have argued that capitalism requires a skilled, disciplined labor force and that the educational system of the United States is structured with that objective in mind. Citing numerous studies, they offer support for what they call |
| | A) | the correspondence principle. |
| | B) | tracking. |
| | C) | credentialism. |
| | D) | the teacher-expectancy effect. |
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| 17 | |
Sociologist Max Weber noted five basic characteristics of bureaucracy, all of which are evident in the vast majority of schools, whether at the elementary, secondary, or even college level. Which of the following is NOT one of these? |
| | A) | division of labor |
| | B) | written rules and regulations |
| | C) | impersonality |
| | D) | shared decision-making |
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| 18 | |
The text discusses four ideal types of subcultures among college students. The __________ subculture focuses on having fun and socializing. |
| | A) | academic |
| | B) | collegiate |
| | C) | nonconformist |
| | D) | vocational |
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| 19 | |
According to the text's discussion of home schooling, |
| | A) | while the practice is legal in all 50 states, 10 states require no notification that a child will be homeschooled, and another 14 require notification only. |
| | B) | national studies report that home-schooled students score lower than others on standardized tests in every subject and every grade. |
| | C) | most people who are running home schools are single parents and have lower-than-average incomes. |
| | D) | all of these |
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| 20 | |
In the past, the integrative function of education was most obvious through its emphasis on promoting |
| | A) | social control. |
| | B) | a common language. |
| | C) | affirmative action in admissions. |
| | D) | a hidden curriculum. |
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| 21 | |
Today, Title IX funding is still a hotly debated issue when it comes to the funding of |
| | A) | computer labs. |
| | B) | financial aid. |
| | C) | college athletics. |
| | D) | all of these |
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| 22 | |
The belief that the educational system socializes students into values dictated by the powerful is an example of which sociological perspective? |
| | A) | interactionist |
| | B) | conflict |
| | C) | functionalist |
| | D) | all of these |
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| 23 | |
Which of the following is NOT one of the factors contributing to the declining interest in teaching as a profession, as cited in the text? |
| | A) | Violence in the schools is at an all-time high. |
| | B) | The amount of formal schooling required for teaching remains high, and now the public has been calling for new competency exams. |
| | C) | Teacher salaries are significantly lower than those of many professionals. |
| | D) | Overall prestige of the teaching profession has declined in the last decade. |
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| 24 | |
Charter schools started in the state of _______. |
| | A) | Minnesota |
| | B) | California |
| | C) | New York |
| | D) | Florida |
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| 25 | |
Which theoretical perspective argues that charter schools meet society's need for education, while serving a diverse student body? |
| | A) | functionalist |
| | B) | conflict |
| | C) | interactionist |
| | D) | evolutionary |
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