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| 1 | |
The term economic system refers to |
| | A) | business and management in any society. |
| | B) | the social institution through which goods and services are produced, distributed, and consumed. |
| | C) | money and banking. |
| | D) | capitalism. |
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| 2 | |
An industrial society |
| | A) | is always capitalistic. |
| | B) | is always socialist. |
| | C) | depends on mechanization to produce its goods and services. |
| | D) | is necessarily laissez-faire. |
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| 3 | |
According to the text, in capitalist economic systems, |
| | A) | the means of production are held largely in private hands. |
| | B) | the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profits. |
| | C) | the degree to which the government regulates private ownership and economic activity will vary. |
| | D) | all of these |
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| 4 | |
Immediately following the industrial revolution, the prevailing form of capitalism that existed was termed |
| | A) | laissez-faire. |
| | B) | government regulated. |
| | C) | monopolistic. |
| | D) | contemporary. |
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| 5 | |
When a single business firm controls a market, the resulting condition is termed a/an |
| | A) | oligopoly. |
| | B) | oligarchy. |
| | C) | monopoly. |
| | D) | free enterprise system. |
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| 6 | |
Societies in which the means of production and distribution are collectively, rather than privately owned, have what type of economic system? |
| | A) | capitalist |
| | B) | socialist |
| | C) | laissez-faire |
| | D) | communist |
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| 7 | |
The case study on China tells us that Chinese workers make an average wage of just below __________ per month for a six-day workweek. |
| | A) | $400 |
| | B) | $600 |
| | C) | $800 |
| | D) | about $1,000 |
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| 8 | |
__________ refers to the systematic, widespread withdrawal of investment in basic aspects of productivity such as factories and plants. |
| | A) | Affirmative action |
| | B) | Deindustrialization |
| | C) | Gentrification |
| | D) | Postindustrialization |
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| 9 | |
Sociologists, especially _____ theorists, view affirmative action as a legislative attempt to relieve the inequality embedded in the social structure by increasing opportunities for groups who were deprived in the past, such as women and African Americans. |
| | A) | functional |
| | B) | interactional |
| | C) | conflict |
| | D) | all of these |
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| 10 | |
The popular explanation for voter apathy among the young (Research Today: Why Don't Young People Vote?) is that |
| | A) | citizens must first register to vote. |
| | B) | young people are alienated from the political system. |
| | C) | young people often feel unmoved by local issues. |
| | D) | potential voters are no longer greeted by the political party faithful. |
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| 11 | |
Which of the following social thinkers did/does NOT hold an elite model of power relations? |
| | A) | Karl Marx |
| | B) | C. Wright Mills |
| | C) | Talcott Parsons |
| | D) | G. William Domhoff |
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| 12 | |
Which of the following countries does NOT present a contemporary example of communism? |
| | A) | Russia |
| | B) | Cuba |
| | C) | North Korea |
| | D) | Vietnam |
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| 13 | |
According to C. Wright Mills, power rests in the hands of the |
| | A) | people. |
| | B) | representative democracy. |
| | C) | aristocracy. |
| | D) | power elite. |
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| 14 | |
According to G. William Domhoff, two different coalitions exercise political influence in the electoral arena: a corporate-conservative coalition and a __________ coalition that is based in unions, local environmental organizations, a segment of the minority group community, and arts communities. |
| | A) | liberal-labor |
| | B) | pluralist |
| | C) | communist-pinko |
| | D) | power elite |
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| 15 | |
According to the __________, many competing groups within the community have access to government so that no single group is dominant. |
| | A) | corporate-conservative coalition |
| | B) | liberal-labor coalition |
| | C) | power elite view |
| | D) | pluralist model |
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| 16 | |
Microfinancing originated in which country? |
| | A) | Bangladeshi |
| | B) | Canda |
| | C) | Sweden |
| | D) | India |
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| 17 | |
Which model of power suggests that a variety of groups play a significant role in decision-making? |
| | A) | Mill's model |
| | B) | the pluralist model |
| | C) | Domhoff's model |
| | D) | Marx's model |
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| 18 | |
The term affirmative action first appeared in an executive order issued in |
| | A) | 1961. |
| | B) | 1971. |
| | C) | 1981. |
| | D) | 1991. |
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| 19 | |
The term _____ refers to transfers of money, goods, or services that are not reported to the government. |
| | A) | offshoring |
| | B) | deindustrialization |
| | C) | laissez-faire |
| | D) | informal economy |
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| 20 | |
In the 1996 elections, voters in the state of California approved the California Civil Rights Initiative, also known as Proposition ________, which aimed to abolish affirmative action programs. |
| | A) | 209 |
| | B) | 307 |
| | C) | 451 |
| | D) | 560 |
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| 21 | |
__________ is the ability to exercise one's will over others. |
| | A) | Power |
| | B) | Politics |
| | C) | Authority |
| | D) | Terrorism |
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| 22 | |
Viewed from which sociological perspective does the unprecedented attention given to downsizing in the mid-1990s reflect the continuing importance of social class in the United States? |
| | A) | functionalist |
| | B) | conflict |
| | C) | feminist |
| | D) | interactionist |
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| 23 | |
__________ is the term used to refer to the lending of small sums of money to the poor so they can work their way out of poverty. |
| | A) | Affirmative action |
| | B) | Informal economy |
| | C) | Microfinancing |
| | D) | Profiteering |
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| 24 | |
What term is used to refer to an economic system in which the means of production are largely in private hands, and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profits? |
| | A) | capitalism |
| | B) | socialism |
| | C) | communism |
| | D) | laissez-faire |
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