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| 1 | |
The term __________ describes a condition in which members of a society have differing amounts of wealth, prestige, or power. |
| | A) | stratification |
| | B) | status inconsistency |
| | C) | slavery |
| | D) | social inequality |
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| 2 | |
Which of the following is NOT an example of income? |
| | A) | salaries |
| | B) | property |
| | C) | wages |
| | D) | All of these are examples of income. |
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| 3 | |
Land, stocks, and other types of property are all examples of |
| | A) | wealth. |
| | B) | income. |
| | C) | wages. |
| | D) | salaries. |
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| 4 | |
The most extreme form of legalized social inequality for individuals and groups is |
| | A) | homelessness. |
| | B) | vagrancy. |
| | C) | slavery. |
| | D) | unemployment. |
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| 5 | |
Hereditary systems of rank, usually religiously dictated and tending to be fixed and immobile, are referred to as |
| | A) | social classes. |
| | B) | class divisions. |
| | C) | socioeconomic groups. |
| | D) | castes. |
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| 6 | |
__________ is a social ranking based primarily on economic position in which achieved characteristics can influence social mobility. |
| | A) | Caste membership |
| | B) | Varnas |
| | C) | A class system |
| | D) | Untouchables |
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| 7 | |
__________ is an economic system in which the means of production are largely in private hands and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profits. |
| | A) | Socialism |
| | B) | Capitalism |
| | C) | Communism |
| | D) | A mixed economy |
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| 8 | |
According to Karl Marx, the capitalist class owns the means of production. He referred to this group as the |
| | A) | bourgeoisie. |
| | B) | proletariat. |
| | C) | caste leaders. |
| | D) | elite. |
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| 9 | |
A subjective awareness held by members of a class regarding their common vested interests and the need for collective political action to bring about social change is referred to as |
| | A) | false class-consciousness. |
| | B) | class consciousness. |
| | C) | status group membership. |
| | D) | the capitalist self. |
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| 10 | |
The ability to exercise one's will over others is referred to as |
| | A) | authority. |
| | B) | domination. |
| | C) | class consciousness. |
| | D) | power. |
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| 11 | |
According to the __________ perspective, stratification is universal. |
| | A) | conflict |
| | B) | interactionist |
| | C) | functionalist |
| | D) | Marxian |
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| 12 | |
British sociologist Ralf Dahrendorf views social classes as groups of people who share common interests resulting from their authority relationships. Dahrendorf's ideology aligns best with which theoretical perspective? |
| | A) | functionalism |
| | B) | conflict |
| | C) | interactionism |
| | D) | sociocultural evolution |
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| 13 | |
The respect or admiration that an occupation holds in a society is referred to as |
| | A) | status. |
| | B) | esteem. |
| | C) | prestige. |
| | D) | ranking. |
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| 14 | |
From a _______ perspective, generous compensation seems reasonable given the potential gain that a talented executive brings to a corporation. |
| | A) | evolutionary |
| | B) | conflict |
| | C) | functionalist |
| | D) | interactionist |
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| 15 | |
__________ poverty is a floating standard of deprivation by which people at the bottom of a society, whatever their lifestyles, are judged to be disadvantaged in comparison with the nation as a whole. |
| | A) | Absolute |
| | B) | Relative |
| | C) | Structural |
| | D) | Direct |
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| 16 | |
Sociologist William Julius Wilson and other social scientists have used which term to describe the long-term poor who lack training and skills? |
| | A) | blamed victims |
| | B) | relative poor |
| | C) | absolute poor |
| | D) | underclass |
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| 17 | |
Max Weber saw social class as being closely related to people's opportunities to provide themselves with material goods, positive living conditions, and favorable life experiences. According to the text, these opportunities, conditions, and experiences are termed |
| | A) | benefits. |
| | B) | life chances. |
| | C) | perquisites. |
| | D) | privileges. |
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| 18 | |
Which one of the following is NOT an example of a closed-class system? |
| | A) | slavery |
| | B) | caste systems |
| | C) | the class system in American society |
| | D) | varnas |
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| 19 | |
__________ mobility involves changes in social position within a person's adult life. |
| | A) | Intragenerational |
| | B) | Intergenerational |
| | C) | Horizontal |
| | D) | Vertical |
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| 20 | |
Airline pilot and police officer have the same occupational prestige ranking. Suppose that a former airline pilot becomes a police officer. Sociologists call this kind of movement __________ mobility. |
| | A) | vertical |
| | B) | intergenerational |
| | C) | intragenerational |
| | D) | horizontal |
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| 21 | |
According to Marx, exploitation of the proletariat will inevitably lead to |
| | A) | the emergence of capitalism. |
| | B) | the destruction of capitalism. |
| | C) | the emergence of socialism. |
| | D) | the destruction of socialism. |
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| 22 | |
Weber used what term to refer to people who rank the same in prestige or lifestyle? |
| | A) | class |
| | B) | status group |
| | C) | power |
| | D) | stratification |
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| 23 | |
Today's young people have been dubbed |
| | A) | Generation X. |
| | B) | the "Me" generation. |
| | C) | the "computerites." |
| | D) | Generation Y. |
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| 24 | |
Approximately how many out of every nine people in this country lives below the poverty line established by the federal government? |
| | A) | one |
| | B) | two |
| | C) | three |
| | D) | four |
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| 25 | |
The term __________ refers to a minimum level of subsistence that no family should be expected to live below. |
| | A) | relative poverty |
| | B) | absolute poverty |
| | C) | objective poverty |
| | D) | subjective poverty |
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