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Thought Probes
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The Devil Made Me Do It: The law recognizes many types of excuses for criminal behavior. What do you think should distinguish a legitimate excuse from an illegitimate one?

Freedom and Foreknowledge: If God knows the future, can we have free will?

Divine Omniscience and Human Freedom
(http://twtministries.com/articles/9_openness/divine.html)
Article by Donald H. Wacome defending the view that God is not omniscient

Omniscience and Freedom: A Case for the Opposition
(http://www.valdosta.edu/~rbarnett/phi/free.html)
Handout from Ron Barnette (Valdosta University)

Legitimate Defenses: Could a traditional compatibilist accept as legitimate far-out legal defenses claiming that the agent's actions were out of his control ?

Are We Puppets or Free Agents
(http://www.wired.com/news/medtech/0,1286,65990,00.html)
This Wired.com article looks at free will legal defenses in the context of neuroscience.

The Twinkie Defense
(http://www.snopes.com/legal/twinkie.htm)
The facts behind the “Twinkie Defense.”

Diminished capacity as opposed to not guilty by reason of insanity
(http://www.law.cornell.edu/background/insane/capacity.html)
Explanation of the difference between a diminished capacity defense and an insanity plea

The Book of Life: Suppose a perfect predictor super wrote a book chronicling every moment of your life. Could you do otherwise than what is written?

Free Will
(http://www.rationality.net/freewill.htm)
Article by Walter E. Requadt from rationality.net arguing that there couldn't be a perfect predictor because of randomness

John Calvin: On Predestination
(http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/calvin-predest.html)
Selection from Calvin's Institutes of the Christian Religion (The Modern History Sourcebook, Fordham University)

Behavior Modification: If behavior modification could successfully be used to alter criminals' personalities and remove their anti-social desires, should we use it?

Should we cure bad behavior?
(http://www.reason.com/news/show/34975.html)
Report by Ronald Bailey from Reasononline on the neurological sources of violence.

Effects of Cognitive-Behavioral Programs for Criminal Offenders
(http://ebpexchange.wordpress.com/2008/01/14/efffects-of-cognitive-behavioral-programs-for-criminal-offenders/)
Report from the University of Maryland School of Social Work on the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy on criminals.

Faking Free Will: Does the fact that the belief in hard determinism leads to immoral behavior count against hard determinism?

The Value of Believing in Free Will
(http://www.carlsonschool.umn.edu/assets/91974.pdf)
Article by Vohs and Schooer on howbelief in determinism increases cheating.

Free Will: Now You Have It, Now You Don't
(http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/02/science/02free.html?ei=5090&pagewanted=all)
Report by Dennis Overbye of the New York Times on current controversies regarding free will.

Prosocial Benefits of Feeling Free: Disbelief in Free Will Increases Aggression and Reduces Helpfulness
(http://psp.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/35/2/260)
Article by Baumeister, Masicampo, and DeWall on the negative effects of belief in determinism.

Defending Determinism: Is determinism self-refuting?

Materialism is Self-refuting
(http://www.mosquitonet.com/~prewett/materialism.html)
Excerpt from C.S. Lewis's Miracles

Genetic Cleansing: Should we use genetic engineering to alter our psychological make-up?

BLTC Research
(http://www.bltc.com/)
Mission Statement of an organization devoted to altering the human genome to eliminate suffering

Council for Responsible Genetics
(http://www.gene-watch.org/)
Home page of an organization dedicated to fostering public debate about the ethical and environmental implications of genetic technology

Genetic Engineering and Its Dangers
(http://online.sfsu.edu/~rone/GEessays/gedanger.htm)
Set of links provided by Ron Epstein (San Francisco State University)

Living with Hard Determinism: If hard determinists are correct and there is no free will, how must we change society to accommodate that fact?

Minority Report: Would it be wrong to prepunish people you have good reason to believe will commit a crime?

Future Law
(http://artsci.wustl.edu/~philos/people/sorensen/PAPERS/Future%20law.pdf)
Article by Roy Sorenson on the perils and potential of prepunishment.

Guilty Minds and Pre-Crime: Is having a guilty mind—an intent to commit a crime—enough to lock someone up?

The brain scan that can read people's minds
(http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2007/feb/09/neuroscience.ethicsofscience)
Report by Ian Sample from The Guardian on the brain scan that reads intentions.

Brain scan can read your intentions
(http://bps-research-digest.blogspot.com/2007/03/brain-scan-can-read-your-intentions.html)
Research report on the new brain scanning technologies.

Brain imaging and courtroom evidence
(http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1301112)
Article by Neil Fegenson in the International Journal of Law on the admissibility of brain scans as evidence.

Neuroimaging and Capital Punishment
(http://www.thenewatlantis.com/publications/neuroimaging-and-capital-punishment)
Report by Carter Snead in the New Atlantis on the use of brain scans in courts of law.

Religious Cults: Could a compatibilist claim that those who join religious cults have lost their free will?

Allegations of brainwashing by new religious movements
(http://www.religioustolerance.org/brain_wa.htm)
Exploration of the claim that religious cults engage in brainwashing.

Coercive persuasion (brainwashing), religious cults, and deprogramming
(http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/abstract/136/3/279)
Article by JT Ungerleider and DK Wellisch in the American Journal of Psychiatry on the effects of deprogramming on cult members.

Brainwashing, thought control, and the cults
(http://www.culthelp.info/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=20&Itemid=6)
Article from the Cult Awareness and Information Center on brainwashing.

Mind Control (brainwashing)
(http://skepdic.com/mindcont.html)
Article by Robert Carroll from his Skeptic's Dictionary on brainwashing.

Newcomb's Paradox: Consider the deal described on page 188. Would you choose option (1) or option (2)?

Quantum Solution to Newcomb's Paradox
(http://alpha.uwb.edu.pl/ep/RePEc/sla/eakjkl/10.pdf)
Article by Edward W. Piotrowski (University of Bialtystok) using quantum mechanics to solve the paradox (Adobe File)

Brain Stimulation: Should we directly stimulate people's brains to affect their behavior?

Electro-stimulation of the Brain: A History
(http://psychicinvestigator.com/demo/WIRE_TXT.htm)
Article from psychicinvestigator.com

Physical Control of the Mind
(http://www.wireheading.com/delgado/excerpt.html)
Excerpt from Jose Delgado's book, Physical Control of the Mind

The Orgasmic Brain
(http://www.paradise-engineering.com/brain/index.htm)
Excerpts from the Three Pound Universe by Judith Hooper and Dick Teresi discussing the perils and potential of "wireheading" (wiring the brain)

The Mind Stealers
(http://home.swipnet.se/allez/Eng/Chavkin.htm)
Excerpt from Samual Chavkins, The Mind Stealers: Psychosurgury and Mind Control identifying the ways in which scientists are trying to control behavior

Jose Delgado
(http://www.angelfire.com/scifi/implant/)
Site describing the life and work of brain stimulation pioneer, Jose Delgado.

Wireheading Hedonism
(http://www.wireheading.com/)
Site promoting direct stimulation of the brain.

Doctor Discovers the Orgasmatron
(http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/Living/story?id=235788&page=1">http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/Living/story?id=235788&page=1)
Report on Dr. Meloy's device for creating an orgasm through neural stimulation.

The Battle for your Brain
(http://www.reason.com/0302/fe.rb.the.shtml)
Critical examination of the arguments against using brain control technology.

George Orwell meets the Matrix
(http://www.buzzflash.com/farrell/04/07/far04025.html)
Timeline indicating the major advancements in brain control by Maureen Farrell.

Brain Scanning: Don't Even Think About Lying
(http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/14.01/lying_pr.html)
Article describing the new brain scanning technology designed to detect lying by Steve Silberman.

Brainwashing: Can someone who has been effectively brainwashed act freely?

Mind Control
(http://www.factnet.org/)
Homepage of FACTnet, Fight Against Coercive Tactics Network

The Return of the Brainwashing Defense
(http://www.cesnur.org/2002/brain_dec.htm)
Article by Jack Hitt from the New York Times, December 15, 2002

Mind Control
(http://skepdic.com/mindcont.html)
Entry from the Skeptics Dictionary maintained by Robert Todd Carroll

Project MKULTRA
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MKULTRA)
Wikipedia article describing the CIA's mind control program

Brainwashing victims win cash award
(http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2090-1313808,00.html)
Victims of the CIA's mind control program are awarded compensation.

The Willing Bank Teller: According to Frankfurt, would a bank teller who turned over money to a bank robber act freely?

Is Free Won't Enough for Free Will?

The neuroscience of free will
(http://www.searchingforspirit.org/TheNeuroscienceofFreeWill/tabid/70/Default.aspx)
Article by Chris Lind exploring the implications of Libet's experiment.

Endogenous Inhibition and the Neural Basis of "Free Won't"
(http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/content/full/27/51/13919)
Article by Giovanni Mirabelli in the Journal of Neuroscience on Free Won't

Libet's Experiment: Does Libet's delay show that free will is an illusion?

Benjamin Libet - a short delay
(http://www.consciousentities.com/libet.htm)
A detailed discussion of Libet's experiment.

Free Will Starts ... Now
(http://loom.corante.com/archives/000784.html)
Another discussion of Libet, with interesting information about a follow up study done as a tribute to Libet.

Free Will and Free Won't
(http://skeptically.org/spiritualism/id11.html)
American Scientist article on Libet's experiments and “free won't.”

Self-consciousness and Free Will: Is it possible for a self-conscious being not to have free will?

Human Thinking
(http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/THINKING.html)
Article from the Principia Cybernetica Web arguing that our ability to control associations among ideas is the origin of thought and free will

Free Androids: Could a computer have free will?

Free Will--Even for Robots
(http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/freewill/freewill.html)
Article by John McCarthy on the possibility of robotic free will

Flesh, Robots, and God
(http://www.salon.com/people/feature/2002/02/25/flesh_machines/index.html)
Interview with Rodney Brooks by John Glassie for Salon.com

Truly Intelligent Computers
(http://www.cni.org/pub/LITA/Think/Bailey.html)
Article by Charles W. Baily, Jr. (University of Houston) exploring the properties of truly intelligent computers

How to Dispose of the Free Will Issue
(http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/cogaff/Aaron.Sloman_freewill.pdf)
Article by Aaron Sloman (University of Binghamton – Adobe File)

Robots and Rights: The Ethical Demands of Artificial Agents
(http://www.abdn.ac.uk/philosophy/endsandmeans/vol1no2/elton.shtml)
Article by Matthew Elton (University of Stirling)








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