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Philosophy Web Resources
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The Nature of God: How consistent is your view of God?
Theism
Deism
Atheism
Agnosticism
Evolution vs. Creationism
Big Bang
Faith vs. Evidence
Cosmological Argument
Teleological Argument (Argument from Design)
Ontological Argument
Pascal's Wager
Problem of Evil
Evidentalism
St. Anselm
Blaise Pascal
St. Thomas Aquinas

The Nature of God : How consistent is your view of God?

Battleground God:
( http://www.philosophers.co.uk/games/god.htm )
A game designed to test the consistency of your view of God from The Philosophers' Magazine Online

Theism

Battleground God
(http://www.philosophers.co.uk/games/god.htm)
Game to test the coherence of your beliefs about religion from The Philosopher's Magazine Online

Theism
(http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theism)
Wikipedia article

The Justification of Theism
(http://www.leaderu.com/truth/3truth09.html)
Article by Richard Swinburne (Oxford University)

Theism, Atheism, and Rationality
(http://www.leaderu.com/truth/3truth02.html)
Article by Alvin Plantinga (University of Notre Dame)

Theism
(http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/theism/index.shtml)
Collection of articles critiquing theism from the Internet Infidels

Arguments for Theism
(http://freethought.freeservers.com/reason/misc.html)
Critique of several arguments for theism from the Freethought Zone

Skeptical Theism
(http://www.freeinquiry.com/skeptic/theism/)
Collection of articles critiquing traditional theism

Deism

World Union of Deism
http://deism.com/
Links to articles on the history and philosophy of Deism.

Deism
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deism
Wikipedia article on deism.

Deism
http://www.religioustolerance.org/deism.htm
Article on the history, beliefs, and practices of Deism from religioustolerance.org.

English Deism
http://www.iep.utm.edu/d/deismeng.htm
Article on Deism in England from the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

Pantheism

Pantheism
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pantheism/
Article on Pantheism from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

World Pantheism
http://www.pantheism.net/
Homepage of the World Pantheist Movement.

Pantheism
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantheism
Wikipeia article on Pantheism.

Gnosticism

Gnosticism
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnosticism
Wikipedia article on Gnosticism.

The Gnosis Archive
http://gnosis.org/
Resources on Gnsoticism and the Gnostic tradition.

Ancient Gnosticism
http://www.religioustolerance.org/gnostic.htm
History, beliefs, and practices of the ancient Gnostics.

The Gnostic World View
http://www.webcom.com/~gnosis/gnintro.htm
A brief summary of the Gnostic world view.

Gnosticism
http://www.iep.utm.edu/g/gnostic.htm
Article on Gnosticism from the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

Atheism

Atheism
(http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atheism)
Wikipedia article

Atheism
(http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02040a.htm)
Catholic Encyclopedia article

The Atheism Web
(http://www.infidels.org/news/atheism/)
Collection to web resources pertaining to atheism

Positive Atheism
(http://www.positiveatheism.org/index.shtml)
Site discussing the history, ethics, and philosophy of atheism

American Atheists
(http://www.atheists.org/)
Site devoted to maintaining the separation of church and state and the constitutional rights of atheists

Atheism
(http://www.religioustolerance.org/atheist.htm)
Collection of articles maintained by religioustolerance.org

The Atheist Alliance
(http://www.atheistalliance.org/)
Home Page of national atheist organization; library section includes links to numerous online articles and essays

Agnosticism

Agnosticism: Uncertainty about the Existence of God
(http://www.religioustolerance.org/agnostic.htm)
Definition, quotations by well-known agnostics, and collection of links on agnosticism from Religioustolerance.com

What is agnosticism?
(http://atheism.about.com/library/FAQs/ath/blag_index.htm)
Clarification of the meaning of the term from About.com

Skeptical Theism
http://www.freeinquiry.com/skeptic/theism/
Links to articles critical of theism and supernaturalism.

Evolution vs. Creationism

National Center for Science Education
(http://www.natcenscied.org/article.asp)
Collection of pamphlets on evolution and against the teaching of creationism from the National Center for Science Education

Frequently Encountered Criticisms in Evolution vs. Creationism: 2002 Edition
(http://vuletic.com/hume/cefec/)
Collection of responses to criticisms made by creationists

The Talk.Origins Archive
(http://www.talkorigins.org/)
Usenet newsgroup devoted to exploring the evolution/creationism controversy

Evolution/Creationism FAQ
(http://atheism.about.com/library/FAQs/evolution/blfaq_evolution_index.htm)
Frequently Asked Questions concerning the evolution/creationism controversy at About.com

Intelligent Design: A Special Report from Natural History Magazine
(http://www.actionbioscience.org/evolution/nhmag.html)
Leading evolution and creationism proponents respond to each others views

Intelligent Design Network
(http://www.intelligentdesignnetwork.org/)
Site promoting the teaching of intelligent design

Creation Science Resource
(http://www.nwcreation.net/)
Searchable archive of links to numerous online essays relevant to creationism, legal cases, etc.

Creationism.org
(http://www.creationism.org/)
Multi-language advocacy web site for creationism

Answers in Genesis
(http://www.answersingenesis.org/home.asp?aigHomeCountry=United+States&aigEvents=United+States&aigBookstore=United+States)
Web site with links to articles in defense of creationism

Institute for Creation Research: A Christ-Focused Creation Ministry
(http://www.icr.org/)
Collection of news articles and responses to criticisms of creationism

Big Bang

Big Bang Cosmology
(http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/m_uni/uni_101bb1.html)
Overview from NASA

Big Bang Science: exploring the origins of matter
(http://hepwww.rl.ac.uk/pub/bigbang/part1.html)
Discussion from the Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council

Big Bang Cosmology Primer
(http://cosmology.berkeley.edu/Education/IUP/Big_Bang_Primer.html)
Discussion of the theory by Paul Shestople (Berkeley Cosmology Group)

Stephen Hawking, the Big Bang, and God
(http://www.leaderu.com/real/ri9404/bigbang.html)
Transcript of lecture by Henry "Fritz" Schaefer III given at University of Colorado, 1994

Big Bang Philosophy
(http://www.bigbang.org/ )
Site devoted to exploring the philosophical implications of the big bang

The Existence of God and the Beginning of the Universe
(http://www.human-nature.com/books/lifelines.html)
Article by William Lane Craig (Universite Catholique de Louvain) in defense of the kalam cosmological argument for the existence of God

Faith vs. Evidence

Fideism
(http://www.philosophypages.com/dy/f5.htm#fide)
Definition and suggested links by Garth Kemerling

Fideism
(http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06068b.htm)
Catholic Encyclopedia article

Talks on Faith and Reason
http://meaningoflife.tv/video.php?speaker=gingerich&topic=faithreas
Videos of a number of philosophers discussing the problem of faith and reason.

Theologians on the Internet
http://www.strongatheism.net/library/counter_apologetics/
Critical analysis of theologians on the internet including Alvin Plantinga, Richard Swinburne, and William Lane Craig.

God and Science
http://www.godandscience.org/apologetics/atheismintro.html
Christian apologetics using science to prove the existence of God.

Cosmological Argument

Philosophy of Religion: Cosmological Argument
(http://www.rsweb.org.uk/phil/cosmological.html)
Collection of briefly annotated links from R. A. Bowie (RS-Web)

The Cosmological Argument for the Existence of God
(http://www.princeton.edu/~grosen/puc/pucourse/phi203/cosmological.html)
Detailed analysis of Aquinas' "first way" by Gideon Rosen (Princeton University)

Lecture #2: Introduction to the Cosmological Argument
(http://www.la.utexas.edu/phl356/lec2.html)
Lecture notes by Robert Koons (University of Texas)

Lecture #6: Contemporary Versions of the Cosmological Argument: Taylor, Adler
(http://www.la.utexas.edu/phl356/lec6.html)
Lecture notes by Robert Koons (University of Texas)

Teleological Argument (Argument from Design)

Argument from design
(http://www.philosophypages.com/dy/d5.htm#design)
Definition and suggested links by Garth Kemerling

The Argument from Design
(http://www.princeton.edu/~grosen/puc/phi203/design.html)
Detailed analysis by Gideon Rosen (Princeton University)

Fallacies of Paley's Argument
(http://www.victorianweb.org/religion/paley2.html)
Criticisms of Paley's version of the design argument by Thomas E. Hart (The Victorian Web)

Teleology
(http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14474a.htm)
Catholic Encyclopedia article

Lecture #15: Critiques of the Design Argument: Hume
(http://www.la.utexas.edu/phl356/lec15.html)
Lecture notes by Robert Koons (University of Texas)

Creation vs. Science
http://www.creationtheory.org/
Critical analysis of creationist arguments.

Evolution: Converging Lines of Evidence
http://www.freethoughtdebater.com/FEvolutionCase.htm
Critique of a number of creationist claims.

Critique of Intelligent Design
http://www.talkreason.org/Contents.cfm
Links to articles critical of intelligent design.

Ontological Argument

Ontological Arguments
(http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ontological-arguments/)
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy article

Ontological argument
(http://www.philosophypages.com/dy/o.htm#ontg)
Definition and suggested links by Garth Kemerling

The Ontological Argument
(http://www.faithnet.org.uk/A2%20Subjects/Philosophyofreligion/ontologicalargument.htm)
Brief discussion from Faithnet

Philosophy of Religion: Ontological Argument
(http://www.rsweb.org.uk/phil/ontological.html)
Collection of briefly annotated links from R. A. Bowie (RS-Web)

Anselm's Ontological Argument
(http://www.princeton.edu/~grosen/puc/phi203/ontological.html)
Detailed analysis by Gideon Rosen (Princeton University)

Philosophers' Criticisms of Anselm's Ontological Argument
(http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/anselm-critics.html)
Collection of primary source material on the ontological argument by Descartes, Locke, Kant, etc.; from the Medieval Sourcebook (Fordham University)

Pascal's Wager

Pascal's Wager
(http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pascal-wager/)
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy article

Pascal's Wager
(http://www.princeton.edu/~grosen/puc/phi203/Pascal.html)
Detailed analysis by Gideon Rosen (Princeton University)

Pascal's Wager Refuted
(http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/theodore_drange/wager.html)
Summary and brief set of objections by Theodore Drange (West Virginia University )

Problem of Evil

Evil
(http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05649a.htm)
Catholic Encyclopedia article

Theodicy
(http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14569a.htm)
Catholic Encyclopedia article

The Problem of Natural Evil
(http://www.cresourcei.org/evil.html)
Essay by Dennis Bratcher (The Christian Resource Institute)

Toward a View of Natural Evil
(http://www.bibleviews.com/naturalevil.html)
Reflections by Kenneth Grider (Bibleviews.com)

Lecture #19:The Problem of Evil: Preliminaries
(http://www.la.utexas.edu/phl356/lec19.html)
Lecture notes by Robert Koons (University of Texas)

Philosophy of Religion: Problem of Evil
(http://www.rsweb.org.uk/phil/evil.html)
Collection of briefly annotated links from R. A. Bowie (RS-Web)

The Problem of Evil
(http://www.princeton.edu/~grosen/puc/phi203/evil.html)
Detailed analysis by Gideon Rosen (Princeton University)

Leibniz on the Problem of Evil
(http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/leibniz-evil/)
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy article

Karma and the Problem of Evil in India
(http://www.friesian.com/karma.htm)
Detailed discussion by Kelley Ross (Friesian School Proceedings)

Lecture #21: The Free Will Defense
(http://www.la.utexas.edu/phl356/lec21.html )
Lecture notes by Robert Koons (University of Texas)

Lecture #22: Mackie's Critique of the Free Will Defense...
(http://www.la.utexas.edu/phl356/lec22.html)
Lecture notes by Robert Koons (University of Texas)

Does the Free-Will Defense Constitute a Sound Theodicy?
(http://hem.passagen.se/nicb/Theodicy.htm)
Essay by Niclas Berggren (The Ratio Institute) against the free will defense

Theodicy
(http://www.philosophypages.com/dy/t.htm#theod)
Definition and suggested links by Garth Kemerling

Evil and Free Will
http://pixnaps.blogspot.com/2004/08/whose-freedom.html
Critical discussion of the free will defense of evil.

The Argument from Physiological Horrors
http://www.positiveatheism.org/crt/horrors.htm
A new atheological argument for the non-existence of God.

Evidentialism

Evidentialism
http://www.iep.utm.edu/e/evidenti.htm
Article on evidentialism from the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

Evidentialism
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidentialism
Wikipedia article on evidentialism.

The Epistemology of Religion
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/religion-epistemology/#Def
Article on justifying religious claims from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

The Will to Believe
(http://www.princeton.edu/~grosen/puc/phi203/will.html)
Detailed discussion of Clifford vs. James by Gideon Rosen ( Princeton University )

The Will to Believe: William James
(http://www.webster.edu/~corbetre/philosophy/misc/james.html)
Outline by Bob Corbett ( Webster University )

Thomas Aquinas
(http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/a/aquinas.htm)
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy article

Saint Thomas Aquinas
(http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aquinas/)
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy article

St. Thomas Aquinas
(http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14663b.htm)
Catholic Encyclopedia article

Thomas Aquinas: Life and Works
(http://www.philosophypages.com/ph/aqui.htm)
Discussion of life and thought by Garth Kemerling

St. Anselm

Anselm of Canterbury
(http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/a/anselm.htm)
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy article

Saint Anselm
(http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/anselm/)
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy article

St. Anselm
(http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01546a.htm)
Catholic Encyclopedia article

Anselm of Canterbury: Life and Works
(http://www.philosophypages.com/ph/anse.htm )
Discussion of life and thought by Garth Kemerling

Blaise Pascal

Blaise Pascal
(http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11511a.htm)
Catholic Encyclopedia article

Pascal, Blaise
(http://www.philosophypages.com/dy/p2.htm#pasc)
Brief biography by Garth Kemerling

Blaise Pascal
(http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Pascal.html)
Biography by J. J. O'Connor and E. F. F Robertson (University of St. Andrews)

Pascal links
(http://www.epistemelinks.com/Main/Philosophers.asp?PhilCode=Pasc)
EpistemeLink link collection

St. Thomas Aquinas

Thomas Aquinas
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aquinas/
Article on Thomas Aquinas from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

Thomas Aquinas
http://www.iep.utm.edu/a/aquinas.htm
Article on Thomas Aquinas from the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

Thomas Aquinas
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas
Wikipedia article on Thomas Aquinas.

Thomas Aquinas
http://www.philosophypages.com/ph/aqui.htm
Brief biography and links to articles on Thomas Aquinas from Garth Kemmerling.

Thomas Instituut
http://www.thomasinstituut.org/thomasinstituut/scripts/index.htm
Comprehensive web site on St. Thomas Aquinas.

Richard Swinburne

Richard Swinburne
http://users.ox.ac.uk/~orie0087/
Homepage of Richard Swinburne at Oxford University .

The Justification of Theism
http://www.leaderu.com/truth/3truth09.html
Article by Richard Swinburne on justifying belief in God.

Review of Swinburne's Is There a God?
http://www.royalinstitutephilosophy.org/think/print.php?num=17
Richard Dawkin's review of Swinburne's Is There a God?

David Hume

David Hume
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/hume/
Article on David Hume from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

David Hume
http://www.iep.utm.edu/hume/
Article on David Hume from the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

David Hume
http://www.humesociety.org/
Comprehensive set of links to works by and about David Hume.

David Hume
http://www.philosophypages.com/ph/hume.htm
Brief biography of David Hume and links to online resources by Garth Kemerling.

The Hume Society
http://www.humesociety.org/
Society devoted to stimulating scholarship of David Hume.








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