Life Science: Life's Structure and Function, Book A

Chapter 6: Adaptations over Time

Standardized Test Practice

1.
A group of organisms that share similar characteristics and can reproduce among themselves to produce fertile offspring is called a
A)generation.
B)species.
C)hominid.
D)population.
2.
Which of the following is a principle of natural selection?
A)Most organisms are infertile or produce nonviable offspring.
B)Members of a species are genetically identical.
C)Variations are acquired during an individual's lifetime and so are not passed to offspring.
D)Helpful variations allow individuals to survive and reproduce better than members who lack these variations.
3.
What does this diagram show?

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A)how Lamarck's hypothesis of acquired characteristics works
B)how few fossils of camels exist
C)how the characteristics of the camel have changed gradually over time
D)how natural selection depends on pressure from the environment
4.
What does this diagram show?

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A)geographic isolation
B)gradualism
C)hypothesis of acquired characteristics
D)the punctuated equilibrium model
5.
The diagram shows examples of

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A)the fossil record.
B)homologous structures.
C)similarities in embryological development.
D)vestigial structures.
6.
Humans, monkeys, and apes belong to a group of animals known as
A)australopithecenes.
B)hominids.
C)primates.
D)neanderthals.
7.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of primates?
A)binocular vision
B)walking upright
C)flexible shoulders
D)opposable thumbs
8.
The scientific name for modern humans is
A)Homo sapiens sapiens.
B)Australopithecus.
C)Homo habilis.
D)Homo erectus.
9.
Which of the following is based on the idea that younger rock layers are deposited on top of older rock layers?
A)relative dating
B)gradualism
C)natural selection
D)radiometric dating
10.
Using relative dating, which fossils in the diagram are the oldest?

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A)Those in layer 5.
B)Those in layer 1.
C)Those in layer 2.
D)Those in layer 4.
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