Biology: The Dynamics of Life, California Edition

Chapter 2: Principles of Ecology

Principles of Ecology

1.
__________ are the nonliving parts of an organism's environment.
A)Heterotrophs
B)Abiotic factors
C)Ecosystems
D)Niches
2.
What is the difference between mutualism and parasitism?
A)Mutualism means that one member of a species thrives at the expense of the member of the species. Parasitism means that one member of a species thrives at the expense of the member of the species.
B)Mutualism means both members of a species benefit from living together. Parasitism means that one member of a species thrives at the expense of the member of the species.
C)Mutualism means that one member of a species benefits without harming or benefiting the member of another species. Parasitism means that both species' members benefit from the relationship.
D)Mutualism mean that both members of a species benefit from living together. Parasitism means that one member of a species benefits without harming or benefiting the member of another species.
3.
Which of the following statements about the biosphere is true?
A)Ecologists never study animal in Earth's biosphere.
B)Living things in Earth's biosphere are affected by nonliving things.
C)Earth's biosphere includes the portion of Earth within 1 mile of the surface.
D)The physical environment of Earth's biosphere is the only factor in influencing living things.
4.
Rabbits, elephants, and squirrels are examples of __________.
A)herbivores
B)producers
C)carnivores
D)scavengers
5.
Which of these organisms breaks down and releases nutrients from other dead organisms?
A)carnivores
B)producers
C)herbivores
D)decomposers
6.
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Based on the data in the graph, which of the following statements is true?
A)There is no food production happens at 10º C.
B)Food production at 40º C is about 5 mg of glucose per hour.
C)Food production is the greatest at about 30º C.
D)Food production is the smallest at about 20º C.
7.
Which of these is NOT an example of a terrestrial ecosystem?
A)rotting log
B)human skin
C)garden plot
D)volcano site
8.
What element is considered the building block of all the molecules of life?
A)magnesium
B)hydrogen
C)sodium
D)carbon
9.
Which of these statements is true?
A)Lions are decomposers and bears are carnivores.
B)Black vultures are scavengers and grasshoppers are herbivores.
C)Fungi are omnivores and squirrels are scavengers.
D)Owls are herbivores and bees are decomposers.
10.
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Which of these statements about the amount of food production after 20º C is true?
A)Food production drops drastically as temperatures increase beyond 20º C.
B)Food production stops as temperatures increase beyond 20º C.
C)Food production remains the same as temperatures increase beyond 20º C.
D)Food production continues to increase as temperatures increase beyond 20º C.
11.
A relationship among organisms where one species benefits while the other species neither benefits nor is harmed is called __________.
A)parasitism
B)predation
C)mutualism
D)commensalism
12.
__________ is a group of organisms consisting of only one species that live in the same place at the same time and produce offspring.
A)An organism
B)A biosphere
C)A population
D)An ecosystem
13.
The air in our atmosphere contains approximately 78 percent of which of these elements?
A)phosphorous
B)carbon
C)calcium
D)nitrogen
14.
Which of these statements is true?
A)In a pyramid of numbers, the population size usually gets smaller as the trophic level increases.
B)The law of conservation, which can be applied to the pyramid of energy, means that energy is constantly created and destroyed.
C)In a pyramid of energy, only about 40% of the energy at one level is available for the next trophic level.
D)In a pyramid of biomass, the weight of a lower trophic level is the same as the level above it.
15.
Which of these organisms uses light energy to manufacture food for itself?
A)an omnivore
B)an autotroph
C)a heterotroph
D)a carnivore
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