Biology: The Dynamics of Life, California Edition

Chapter 16: Primate Evolution

Primate Evolution

1.
When hominids moved from living primarily in treetops to living on the ground, they became __________.
A)bipedal
B)anthropoids
C)Neandertals
D)arboreal
2.
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Look at the map. Which of these primates is considered to be native to this area?
A)New World monkeys
B)Gorillas
C)Old World monkeys
D)Chimpanzees
3.
Which of these species is NOT a member of the haplorhines?
A)Old World monkeys
B)tarsiers
C)gibbons
D)lemurs
4.
Which of these is a characteristic of Neandertals?
A)They had large faces and thick bones.
B)They had very small brains compared to modern humans.
C)They had small noses.
D)They lived about 2 million years ago.
5.
Which of these is considered the oldest human ancestor?
A)Australopithecus africanus
B)Homo neanderthalensis
C)Australopithecus afarensis
D)Homo erectus
6.
Which of these statements is true?
A)Old World monkeys were not arboreal like today's New World monkeys.
B)The oldest existing monkey fossils are of Old World monkeys.
C)New World monkeys evolved independently of Old World monkeys.
D)New World monkeys appear to have evolved more recently than Old World monkeys.
7.
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According to the map, which of these groups has the widest present-day distribution on Earth?
A)Gibbons
B)Chimpanzees
C)Gorillas
D)Old World monkeys
8.
Which of these is NOT a characteristic of Australopithecus afarensis?
A)slept on the ground
B)walked upright on the ground
C)lived in small family groups
D)usually lived no longer than 25 years
9.
Which of these statements is true?
A)According to current studies, Neandertals most likely did not evolve into Cro-Magnons.
B)Genetic evidence supports the theory that Homo sapiens probably originated in Europe.
C)Using a land bridge, humans most likely crossed into North America about 1,500 years ago.
D)Humans have undergone great anatomical changes over the last 100 000 years.
10.
Which of these is NOT considered a common feature of most mammals?
A)flexible joints and arm movement
B)feet able to grasp objects
C)monocular vision
D)opposable thumbs
11.
Which of these statements about Homo habilis is true?
A)The teeth and jaws of H. habilis were larger than previously-discovered hominids.
B)Stone tools have been discovered near fossils skulls of this hominid.
C)Using radiometric dating, it has been estimated that Homo habilis lived about 3.5 million years ago.
D)The braincase of this hominid was smaller than those of australopithecines.
12.
New World monkeys have __________ while Old World monkeys do not.
A)arboreal lifestyles
B)upright skeletons
C)prehensile tails
D)complex brains
13.
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This chart compares human amino acid sequences to amino acid sequences of other primates. Which of the primates is least closely related to humans?
A)chimps
B)gorillas
C)lemurs
D)baboons
14.
Which of these is not considered an ape?
A)lemurs
B)bonobos
C)gorillas
D)orangutans
15.
Which of these shows the correct order, from oldest to youngest, of these species?
A)Homo sapiens - Australopithecus afarensis - Homo erectus - Homo habilis
B)Australopithecus afarensis - Homo habilis - Homo erectus - Homo sapiens
C)Homo habilis - Homo erectus - Homo sapiens - Australopithecus afarensis
D)Homo erectus - homo habilis - Australopithecus afarensis - Homo sapiens
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