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1 | | When two or more atoms or reactants bond to form a new, more complex structure, the reaction is called |
| | A) | creation |
| | B) | synthesis |
| | C) | recombination |
| | D) | hydration |
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2 | | Normal pH of human blood averages: |
| | A) | 6.9 |
| | B) | 7.0 |
| | C) | 7.4 |
| | D) | 7.8 |
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3 | | If a solution has a pH of 6.0, this means that |
| | A) | the concentration of hydrogen ions is higher than the concentration of hydroxide ions |
| | B) | the pH is alkaline |
| | C) | the hydroxide ion concentration is high |
| | D) | there are 10 times more hydroxide ions in this solution than in a solution with a pH of 7.0 |
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4 | | If a patient's blood pH moves from 7.42 to 7.7, which of the following is true? |
| | A) | The patient has a condition called alkalosis. |
| | B) | The patient has a condition called acidosis. |
| | C) | A small change in pH reflects a small change in hydrogen ion concentration. |
| | D) | The blood pH is still within a normal range. |
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5 | | Which of the following substances is most acidic? |
| | A) | cow's milk - pH 6.6 |
| | B) | apple juice - pH 3.0 |
| | C) | cabbage - pH 5.3 |
| | D) | distilled water - pH 7.0 |
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6 | | Choose the correct statement regarding organic compounds. |
| | A) | They all contain carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. |
| | B) | Some may dissolve in water but do not release ions. |
| | C) | Water and carbon dioxide are examples of organic compounds. |
| | D) | Organic compounds are typically found outside, not inside, cells. |
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7 | | The inorganic substance(s) most directly involved in muscle contraction and conduction of nerve impulses is(are) |
| | A) | carbon dioxide |
| | B) | oxygen |
| | C) | carbohydrates |
| | D) | sodium and potassium ions |
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8 | | Which of the following inorganic substances is a metabolic waste product? |
| | A) | oxygen |
| | B) | carbon dioxide |
| | C) | inorganic salts |
| | D) | lipids |
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9 | | Most of the energy needed by cells is supplied by |
| | A) | protein |
| | B) | carbohydrates |
| | C) | lipids |
| | D) | inorganic salts |
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10 | | Plant starch consists of long chains of |
| | A) | monosaccharides |
| | B) | glycerol |
| | C) | glycogen |
| | D) | polysacchrides |
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11 | | Lipids include all of the substances below except |
| | A) | fats |
| | B) | steroids |
| | C) | phospholipids |
| | D) | amino acids |
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12 | | A fat that has all of its carbon atoms joined by single carbon-to-carbon bonds is said to be |
| | A) | saturated |
| | B) | unsaturated |
| | C) | polyunsaturated |
| | D) | complete |
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13 | | How do phospholipids differ from fats? |
| | A) | Phosphorus atoms are substituted for carbon atoms. |
| | B) | Phospholipids have no glycerol portion. |
| | C) | Phospholipids have a phosphate group in place of the third fatty acid. |
| | D) | Phospholipids have a phosphate group attached to each fatty acid chain. |
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14 | | The function of a protein is determined by its |
| | A) | size |
| | B) | shape |
| | C) | color |
| | D) | weight |
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15 | | Choose the true statement regarding steroids. |
| | A) | The steroid cholesterol is stored only in limited areas of the body. |
| | B) | Steroids have a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic portion. |
| | C) | Steroids consist of long chains of carbon atoms. |
| | D) | The sex hormones estrogen and testosterone are steroids. |
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16 | | Which of the following is not a function of proteins? |
| | A) | control of the speed of chemical reactions |
| | B) | combine with carbohydrates to form receptors on cell surfaces |
| | C) | serve as structural materials |
| | D) | provide insulation to conserve heat |
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17 | | Which of the following elements is found in proteins and nucleic acids but not other organic compounds? |
| | A) | carbon |
| | B) | nitrogen |
| | C) | hydrogen |
| | D) | oxygen |
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18 | | The bond that contributes the most to maintaining the three-dimensional shape of a protein is a(n) |
| | A) | hydrogen bond |
| | B) | covalent bond |
| | C) | ionic bond |
| | D) | peptide bond |
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19 | | When hydrogen bonds within a protein break, the protein is said to be |
| | A) | dehydrated |
| | B) | denatured |
| | C) | decomposed |
| | D) | deconstructed |
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20 | | The shape of a protein is determined by |
| | A) | the nucleic acids that comprise the protein |
| | B) | the function that the protein has in the body |
| | C) | the sizes of amino acids in the protein |
| | D) | the genes that encode the sequence of the protein's amino acids |
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21 | | Too much or too little of certain chemicals can cause diseases. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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22 | | If the shape of a protein changes too much, its ability to function will be impaired |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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23 | | Mass and weight are technically not the same concept. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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24 | | As the concentration of hydrogen ions increases relative to hydroxide ions, pH will rise. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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25 | | The atomic weight of an atom is determined by the sum of its protons and electrons. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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26 | | The protons carry a positive electrical charge and electrons carry a negative electrical charge. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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27 | | A sodium ion has a positive charge because it has gained an electron to fill its outer shell. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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28 | | DNA contains deoxyribose and is a double-stranded polynucleotide. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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29 | | One pair of shared electrons forms a single covalent bond; two pair of shared electrons forms a double covalent bond. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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30 | | A molecular formula depicts how atoms are joined and arranged in molecules. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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31 | | Synthesis requires energy and is important to the growth of body parts. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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32 | | A catalyst affects the speed with which a chemical reaction takes place but is not consumed by the reaction. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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33 | | Electrolytes that release hydrogen ions in water are called bases. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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34 | | Triglycerides do not dissolve in water because they lack a polar region and are therefore hydrophilic. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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