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1 | | A fibrous, flattened, sheet-like of connective tissue that connects a muscle to another muscle is known as |
| | A) | fascia |
| | B) | an aponeurosis |
| | C) | a tendon sheath |
| | D) | a broad ligament |
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2 | | The connective tissue that surrounds entire muscles is |
| | A) | perimysium |
| | B) | endomysium |
| | C) | epimysium |
| | D) | elastin |
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3 | | Choose the true statement regarding skeletal muscle cells. |
| | A) | Another term for a skeletal muscle cell is muscle fiber. |
| | B) | Each skeletal muscle cell has one nuclei and mitochondria. |
| | C) | The muscle cell membrane is called the sarcoplasm. |
| | D) | Skeletal muscle cells never extend the full length of a muscle. |
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4 | | The light bands in skeletal muscle that contribute to its striated appearance are known as |
| | A) | I bands |
| | B) | Z bands |
| | C) | H bands |
| | D) | A bands |
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5 | | The sarcomere, the basic unit of skeletal muscle, extends from |
| | A) | A band to A band |
| | B) | M line to M line |
| | C) | H band to H band |
| | D) | Z line to Z line |
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6 | | Which of the following is not found at the end of the motor axon at the neuromuscular junction? |
| | A) | many nuclei |
| | B) | synaptic vesicles |
| | C) | abundant mitochondria |
| | D) | a cleft between the end and the muscle fiber |
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7 | | When the cross-bridge of the myosin molecule forms linkages with actin filaments, the result is |
| | A) | shortening of the muscle fiber |
| | B) | creation of a high energy bond |
| | C) | membrane polarization |
| | D) | release of acetylcholine |
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8 | | ATPase is stored in |
| | A) | the globular portion of the myosin filament |
| | B) | the actin filament helix |
| | C) | transverse tubules |
| | D) | muscle cell cytoplasm |
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9 | | When a nerve impulse reaches the end of a motor neuron, |
| | A) | the number of synaptic vesicles increases |
| | B) | muscle fibers stretch |
| | C) | calcium ions move out of the cytoplasm of the neuron |
| | D) | acetylcholine is released |
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10 | | Not using a muscle will result in |
| | A) | hypertrophy |
| | B) | atrophy |
| | C) | dystrophy |
| | D) | mystrophy |
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11 | | During high intensity exercise, muscle fibers rely upon what process for energy? |
| | A) | aerobic respiration |
| | B) | increased metabolism of glucose |
| | C) | anaerobic respiration |
| | D) | increased blood supply |
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12 | | Muscle fatigue can be caused by all of the following except |
| | A) | lowering of pH due to lactic acid build-up |
| | B) | interruption of blood supply |
| | C) | formation of a cramp |
| | D) | lack of acetylcholine |
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13 | | The strength of a muscle in response to different levels of stimulation is determined by the |
| | A) | level of stimulation delivered to individual muscle fibers |
| | B) | number of fibers that respond in each motor unit |
| | C) | number of motor units receiving a threshold stimulus |
| | D) | characteristics of each muscle group |
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14 | | The result of summation and recruitment together is |
| | A) | hypotonic contraction |
| | B) | sustained tetanic contraction |
| | C) | muscle tone |
| | D) | muscle hypertrophy |
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15 | | Muscle tone refers to |
| | A) | a state of sustained, partial contraction of muscles that is necessary to maintain posture |
| | B) | a feeling of well-being following exercise |
| | C) | the ability of a muscle to maintain contraction against an outside force |
| | D) | the condition athletes attain after intensive training |
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16 | | Which of the following is not a characteristic of smooth muscle cells? |
| | A) | some are responsive to hormones |
| | B) | contraction is triggered by an influx of calcium ions |
| | C) | stimulation by acetylcholine or norepinephrine |
| | D) | highly organized arrangement of actin and myosin filaments |
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17 | | Peristalsis is due to which of the following characteristics of smooth muscle? |
| | A) | excitability |
| | B) | automaticity |
| | C) | rhythmicity |
| | D) | lack of innervation |
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18 | | The rapidity with which an impulse spreads in cardiac muscle is due to |
| | A) | increased amounts of neurotransmitters |
| | B) | the presence of striated muscle fibers |
| | C) | intercalated disks between muscle fibers |
| | D) | the property of excitability |
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19 | | Muscles that assist the prime mover in producing a movement are called |
| | A) | antagonists |
| | B) | synergists |
| | C) | potentiators |
| | D) | agonists |
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20 | | Antagonistic muscles |
| | A) | are always located on the same side of the body as the prime mover |
| | B) | have different speeds and strengths of contraction |
| | C) | produce extension rather than abduction |
| | D) | perform movements opposite to those performed by the prime mover |
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21 | | Muscles that are involved in chewing are attached to the |
| | A) | maxilla |
| | B) | mandibular process of the temporal bone |
| | C) | zygomatic bone |
| | D) | mandible |
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22 | | The muscle that compresses the cheeks inward when it contracts is the |
| | A) | orbicularis oris |
| | B) | epicranius |
| | C) | platysma |
| | D) | buccinator |
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23 | | All of the following muscles flex the knee except |
| | A) | rectus femoris |
| | B) | semitendinosus |
| | C) | semimembranosus |
| | D) | biceps femoris |
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24 | | The insertion of the sternocleidomastoid is the |
| | A) | anterior surface of the sternum |
| | B) | mastoid process of the temporal bone |
| | C) | occipital bone |
| | D) | spinous processes of the lower cervical vertebrae |
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25 | | The primary flexor of the forearm is the |
| | A) | internal oblique |
| | B) | biceps brachii |
| | C) | biceps femoris |
| | D) | triceps brachii |
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26 | | The shoulder muscle that abducts the upper arm and can both flex and extend the humerus is the |
| | A) | biceps brachii |
| | B) | deltoid |
| | C) | infraspinatus |
| | D) | supraspinatus |
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27 | | Which muscle produces plantar flexion? |
| | A) | fibularis longus |
| | B) | fibularis tertius |
| | C) | tibialis anterior |
| | D) | extensor digitorum longus |
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28 | | When a skeletal muscle contracts, the insertion is pulled toward the origin. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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29 | | Layers of connective tissue that extend into muscle and form compartments within the muscle are fascicles. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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30 | | During a tetanic contraction, all motor units in a muscle have been recruited. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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31 | | It is possible for a skeletal muscle to be both synergist and antagonist to another muscle. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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32 | | The sarcoplasmic reticulum is composed of invaginations of the muscle cell membrane that contain extracellular fluid. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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33 | | The severity of muscle strain depends on the number of muscle fibers that are damaged. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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34 | | A motor neuron connects to a single muscle fiber. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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35 | | During muscle contraction, the head of myosin cross-bridges attach to actin binding sites and bend slightly, pulling the actin filament toward the center of the sarcomere. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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36 | | An influx of potassium ions into the muscle fiber is responsible for cross-bridging of actin and myosin filaments. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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37 | | Creatine phosphate stores energy that is used to convert ADP to ATP during muscle contraction. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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38 | | Oxygen is stored in muscle tissue in molecules of hemoglobin located near mitochondria. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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39 | | Oxygen debt is only the amount of oxygen needed to convert lactic acid into glucose after strenuous exercise. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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40 | | The insertion of the temporalis is the coracoid process of the mandible. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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41 | | The psoas major and iliacus muscles flex the thigh. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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