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Consumers

Eric Arnould, University of Nebraska
George Zinkhan, University of Georgia
Linda Price, University of Nebraska

Economic and Social Structures

Multiple Choice Quiz

Answe all the questions


1	____________________ that attempt to restrict certain types of consumption based on social class date back to the Roman Empire at least four centuries before Christ.
		A)	Life transitions
		B)	Status-oriented consumption
		C)	Sumptuary laws
		D)	Social fluctuations
		E)	Spending habits


2	The way in which elements of income, education, occupation, and residential location combine to form a specific _______________________, whereby some individuals have higher status that others, differs according to a society's history.
		A)	inherited wealth
		B)	purchasing power parity
		C)	situational ethnicity
		D)	social class hierarchy
		E)	social mobility


3	It is useful to segment social class consumption on the basis of how people compete for higher status, or what some call ______________________.
		A)	purchasing power
		B)	market knowledge
		C)	symbolic capital
		D)	deculturation
		E)	diaspora


4	___________________ are consumer products, activities, or services that indicate a person's position in the class hierarchy.
		A)	Status symbols
		B)	Situational ethnicity
		C)	Cultural capitals
		D)	Get Set
		E)	Economic capital


5	____________________ is a move to a lower social class.
		A)	Upward mobility
		B)	Downward mobility
		C)	Horizontal mobility
		D)	Two-tiered marketing
		E)	Going underground


6	______________ corresponds to the capitalist class or upper-upper class.
		A)	Old money
		B)	Assimilation
		C)	Discretionary income
		D)	Nouveau riche
		E)	Cognitive age


7	The passage of individuals from one social class to another is called _________________.
		A)	life transitions
		B)	social mobility
		C)	Get Set
		D)	aristocratic consumption
		E)	none of the above


8	_________________ is the income over and above that required to meet basic consumer needs.
		A)	GDP
		B)	Consumption prerogative
		C)	Discretionary income
		D)	Overall income
		E)	Status-oriented income


9	In _______________________, firms differentiate their retail outlest or product or service offerings into two groups, targeted at upper- or lower-class consumers, respectively.
		A)	felt ethnicity
		B)	life transitions
		C)	youth subcultures
		D)	economic capital
		E)	two-tiered marketing


10	_________________ is defined in terms of frequent patterns of association and identification with common national or cultural origins of a subgroup found within the larger society.
		A)	Deculturation
		B)	Assimilation
		C)	Ethnicity
		D)	Religiosity
		E)	Upward mobility


11	The millennium is marked by the emergence of ____________________ that combine a sense of common origin and shared values with geographic dispersion.
		A)	global tribes
		B)	felt ethnicity
		C)	social class hierarchy
		D)	status-oriented consumption
		E)	social mobility


12	Older adults should be divided into subsegments on the basis of not just chronological or physical age, but mental or ______________ as well.
		A)	assimilation
		B)	ethnicity
		C)	sociability age
		D)	cognitive age
		E)	none of the above


13	_________________ is defined as the sex-based divisions of humanity and the norms, values, and beliefs associated with gender roles.
		A)	Gender
		B)	Role model
		C)	Tribe
		D)	Deculturation
		E)	Caste


14	_______________ is a cultural subsystem that refers to a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to a sacred ultimate reality or reality or deity.
		A)	Diapora
		B)	Religion
		C)	Felt ethnicity
		D)	Age cohorts
		E)	Situational status


15	When expressions of ethnicity vary with social context, this is termed _______________.
		A)	multicultural marketing
		B)	genetically inherent
		C)	situational ethnicity
		D)	felt ethnicity
		E)	none of the above

Fill in the Blank:


16	_______________________ are groupings across society, broadly recognized by members of that society, involving inequalities, or certainly, differences in such areas as power, authority, wealth, income, prestige, working conditions, lifestyles and culture.
		A)	Consumption patterns
		B)	Social classes
		C)	Lifestyle distinctions
		D)	Economic structures


17	In the Triad countries, people typically perceive their own class position based on their ________________, that is, how purchasing power seems to rate next to others of similar occupation and lifestyle.
		A)	education
		B)	religion
		C)	relative income
		D)	product knowledge


18	____________________ includes relationships, organizational memberships and social networks that are often nurtured in schools, jobs, or neighborhoods.
		A)	Social capital
		B)	Cultural capital
		C)	Economic capital
		D)	Consumption capital


19	When fashion trends start in the lower class and spread upwards, this is called __________________ .
		A)	pre-testing
		B)	mass merchandising
		C)	status float
		D)	outgoing


20	As a result of changing attitudes towards consumption brought about by the globalization of marketing and consumer culture, the upper middle class is re-emerging as what marketers call the ___________.
		A)	age cohort
		B)	Get Set
		C)	youth sub-culture
		D)	life cycle


21	Economic and social structures anchor and mold consumer preferences and consumption patterns or lifestyles.
		A)	True
		B)	False


22	Japanese express socioeconomic differences in just a few gradations of consumption practices rather than in a large number of distinct social classes.
		A)	True
		B)	False


23	Occupation is a pretty reliable indicator of social class, and occupations tend to be ranked in terms of prestige.
		A)	True
		B)	False


24	Education is a determinant of occupation and it increases social and cultural capital, hence it is a critical element of social class and social mobility.
		A)	True
		B)	False


25	Lower class consumers still don't consume many of the same goods and participate in many of the same activities as higher-class consumers.
		A)	True
		B)	False


26	Recent research suggests upper and upper middle class consumers in the U.S. are not frequent customers of discount warehouse stores.
		A)	True
		B)	False


27	Sizable middle classes can be found in at least half of the 200+ nations of the world.
		A)	True
		B)	False


28	Studies of the working poor and working class groups in the U.S. and in developing countries show that official income figures reveal numerous sources of informal income.
		A)	True
		B)	False


29	The idea of a country as a "melting pot" reflects the idea that immigrants should assimilate to the dominant culture.
		A)	True
		B)	False


30	Asian Americans are the fastest growing and most affluent minority market in the United States.
		A)	True
		B)	False

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