1. Three major directions or movements--expressionism, formalist abstraction, and surrealism--characterize much of twentieth century art.
2. Expressionist art, figurative and abstract, is characterized by the expression of personal feeling and psychological state.
3. Formalist abstraction, from cubism to de Stijl, emphasizes an art of significant form.
4. Surrealism, and its predecessor dada, emphasize the non-rational or irrational in the world and especially in the unconscious self, fantasy, and the dream.
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