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Getting Deeper into Logic: Categorical Reasoning


Categorical statement   A statement that makes a claim about the relationship between two or more classes or categories of things, 244, 269
Categorical syllogism   A three-line argument in which all three statements are categorical statements, 65, 256--257, 269
Copula   In standard-form categorical statements, the linking verbs "are" or "are not," 251
Predicate term   In standard-form categorical statements, a word or phrase that names a class and that serves as the subject complement of a statement, 250--251
Quantifier   In categorical logic, a word used to indicate how many things have a certain attribute (e.g., "all," "some," or "no"), 250
Standard-form categorical statement   A statement of the form "All S are P," "No S are P," "Some S are P," or "Some S are not P," 244, 269
Subject term   In standard-form categorical statements, a word or phrase that names a class and that serves as the grammatical subject of a statement, 250--251
Syllogism   A three-line argument that consists of two premises and a conclusion, 62. More narrowly, a three-line deductive argument, 256
Venn diagram   A diagram consisting of two or more overlapping circles and various markings used to represent the information contained in categorical statements and to test the validity of categorical syllogisms, 245--249, 256--270