Key Objectives

Upon completing this chapter you should be able to:

1.

Define ethics.

2.

Distinguish between naturalist and nonnaturalist ethics.

3.

Describe the main features of Plato's and Aessara's nonnaturalist ethics.

4.

Explain the concepts of human happiness and virtue within Aristotle's naturalistic ethics.

5.

Compare and contrast epicureanism with stoicism.

6.

Describe St. Augustine's solution to the problem of evil.

7.

Explain Heloise's doctrine of disinterested love and her morality of intent.

8.

Show how St. Thomas Aquinas blends Aristotle's ethics with Christianity.

9.

Explain why Thomas Hobbes believed that justice only comes into being with the state.

10.

Explain David Hume's is/ought distinction and why he thinks that morality is based on emotion.

11.

Explain what Immanuel Kant means by the categorical imperative and the good will.

12.

Explain the basic idea behind utilitarianism and distinguish Jeremy Bentham's quantitative utilitarianism from John Stuart Mill's qualitative utilitarianism.

13.

Distinguish act from rule utilitarianism.

14.

Explain the two kinds of morality for Friedrich Nietzsche and his attack on Christian morality.

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