Multiple Choice


1	What is evil, according to Socrates?
		A)	Willful disobedience of God.
		B)	Unnaturalness
		C)	Ignorance of the good.
		D)	Desiring what is known to be bad.


2	How is goodness apprehended, according to Plato?
		A)	By the senses.
		B)	By reason.
		C)	Through the emotions.
		D)	By mystical vision.


3	The just or well-ordered soul manifests which virtue, according to Plato?
		A)	Temperance
		B)	courage
		C)	Wisdom
		D)	All of the above.


4	In what does human happiness consist, according to Aristotle?
		A)	Pleasure.
		B)	Intellectual virtue.
		C)	Moral virtue.
		D)	All of the above.


5	Which desires did Epicureans say you should occasionally satisfy?
		A)	Those that are both natural and necessary.
		B)	Those that are natural but not necessary.
		C)	Those that are neither natural nor necessary.
		D)	All of the above.


6	Which piece of advice would be more likely to come from a stoic?
		A)	Have as much fun as possible.
		B)	Become self-reliant and accept your fate in life with serenity and calm indifference.
		C)	The best life is the cautious pursuit of simple pleasures.
		D)	Go live in a barrel in the streets.


7	Where does moral evil come from, according to St. Augustine?
		A)	Misdirected love.
		B)	Misguided education.
		C)	The Devil.
		D)	The body and its urges.


8	What are people naturally like, according to Thomas Hobbes?
		A)	They are fundamentally selfish.
		B)	They are fundamentally kind and caring.
		C)	They are fundamentally timid and shy.
		D)	They are fundamentally moral creatures with a conscience of right and wrong.


9	What is morality ultimately based on, according to Immanuel Kant?
		A)	Reason
		B)	God
		C)	Consequences
		D)	Nature


10	According to John Stuart Mill, why should we seek to raise the general happiness rather than just our own?
		A)	Your own happiness coincides with the general happiness.
		B)	God commands us to further the general happiness.
		C)	No one can rationally will that everyone ignore the general happiness.
		D)	By its very nature morality must assume the perspective of an impartial spectator.

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