Read each question carefully and select the best answer.
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1 | |
Consistency theories suggest that inconsistencies among cognitions or among cognitions and behaviors promote: |
| | A) | stimulus-response confusion |
| | B) | actor-action confusion |
| | C) | dissonance or discomfort |
| | D) | cognitive consistency confusion |
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2 | |
Relationships between two elements may be any one of which of the following types? |
| | A) | consonant, dissonant, or irrelevant |
| | B) | confused, uncomfortable, or relevant |
| | C) | consonant, uncomfortable, or relevant |
| | D) | consonant, comfortable, or irrelevant |
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3 | |
Communication researchers like Cognitive Dissonance Theory because of its relevance to: |
| | A) | psychological aspects of behavior |
| | B) | persuasion |
| | C) | stage fright |
| | D) | public presentation |
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4 | |
A major assumption of Cognitive Dissonance Theory asserts that people seek to have _____________ in their cognitions. |
| | A) | dissonance |
| | B) | variety |
| | C) | logic |
| | D) | psychological consistency |
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5 | |
_____________ refers to the actual amount of dissonance a person experiences. |
| | A) | Amplitude of dissonance |
| | B) | Magnitude of dissonance |
| | C) | Quantitative dissonance |
| | D) | Experiential dissonance |
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6 | |
If John has many beliefs that are consonant with his behavior and few that are dissonant, his _____________ will be positive. |
| | A) | cognitive dissonance |
| | B) | level of importance |
| | C) | rationale |
| | D) | dissonance ratio |
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7 | |
Magnitude of dissonance is affected by the _____________, which refers to the number of reasons a person has to explain their dissonance. |
| | A) | rationale |
| | B) | dissonance ratio |
| | C) | level of importance |
| | D) | cognitive explanation |
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8 | |
People can cope with dissonance by _____________, or seeking consistent information not already present in the situation. |
| | A) | selective attention |
| | B) | selective retention |
| | C) | selective exposure |
| | D) | selective interpretation |
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9 | |
Festinger showed that people are as likely to change their attitudes for a payment of $1 than for a payment of $20, illustrating: |
| | A) | selective attention |
| | B) | selective interpretation |
| | C) | level of importance |
| | D) | minimal justification |
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10 | |
A major criticism of Cognitive Dissonance Theory refers to its lack of _____________, a major criterion for judging theories. |
| | A) | heurism |
| | B) | testability |
| | C) | the test of time |
| | D) | logical consistency |
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