History of the Modern World, 10th Edition (Palmer)

Chapter 13: True Global Consolidation of Large Nation-States, 1859-1871

Primary Sources, Maps and Images

LXIII. Backgrounds: The Idea of the Nation-State

1. The Crimean War, 1854-1856
• [Primary Source Alfred Lord Tennyson, The Charge of the Light Brigade]
• [Image Charge of the Light Brigade]
• [Image Tsar Nicholas I]
• [Image Napoleon III]
• [Image Congress of Paris, 1856]
• [Primary Source Treaty of Paris, 1856]

LXIV. Cavour and the Italian War of 1859: The Unification of Italy

1. Italian Nationalism: The Program of Cavour
• [Image Roman Republic of 1849 discomforts the Pope and King of Piedmont]
• [Image King Victor Emmanuel]
• [Image Camillo di Cavour]
• [Primary Source Documents of Italian Unification, 1846-61]
• [Image Battle of Magenta]
• [Image Battle of Solferino]
• [Primary Source Giuseppe Garibaldi, Proclamation for the Liberation of Sicily, 1860]
• [Image Garibaldi conquers Kingdom of Two Sicilies]
• [Image First Italian parliament]

2. The Completion of Italian Unity
• [Image Giuseppe Garibaldi]
• [Image Red Shirts]
• [Image Conquest of south of Italy]
• [Image Garibaldi and King Victor Emmanuel]
• [Map Unification of Italy]
• [Primary Source King Victor Emmanuel, Address to Parliament, Rome, 1871]

3. Persistent Problems after Unification

LXV. Bismarck: The Founding of a German Empire

1. The German States after 1848
• [Image Hamburg]
• [Map Confederation of 1815]
• [Map Zollverein]

2. Prussia in the 1860s: Bismarck
• [Image Otto von Bismarck]
• [Primary Source Bismarck, Blood and Iron speech]

3. Bismarck's Wars: The North German Confederation, 1867

3. War with Denmark
• [Primary Source Helmuth von Moltke, On the Nature of War]
• [Image Battle of Koniggratz]
• [Image Austrian soldiers, 1866]
• [Primary Source Otto von Bismarck, Memoirs]
• [Map North German Confederation]
• [Image Ferdinand Lassale]

4. The Franco-Prussian War
• [Primary Source Ems Dispatch]
• [Image War fever in Paris, 1870]
• [Primary Source A War Correspondent in the Franco-Prussian War, 1870]
• [Image Insurrection in Paris]

5. The German Empire, 1871
• [Image Founding the Second Reich]
• [Primary Source Imperial Proclamation, 1871]
• [Image Kaiser Wilhelm I]
• [Map German Empire, 1871]
• [Image Honore Daumier, German Unity--the French perspective]
• [Image German industry: Krupp factory]
• [Image German railway, late 19th century]
• [Image Reichstag building]

LXVI. The Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary

1. The Habsburg Empire after 1848
• [Image Francis Joseph, 1854]

2. The Compromise of 1867
• [Primary Source Count von Beust, Memoirs of the Ausgleich, 1867]
• [Primary Source Austrian Constitution of 1867]
• [Map Dual Monarchy of Austria and Hungary]
• [Image King-Emperor Franz Joseph, 1879]
• [Map Nationalities of Hungary, 1886]

LXVII. Liberalization in Tsarist Russia: Alexander II

1. Tsarist Russia after 1856
• [Image Execution in Russia, 1879]
• [Image Russian policeman]
• [Image Russian serfs]
• [Image Russian serfs and their dwellings]
• [ImageRussian noble]

2. The Emancipation Act of 1861 and Other Reforms
• [Image Alexander II]
• [Primary Source Coronation of Alexander II, 1855]
• [Image Alexander Herzen]
• [Primary Source Emancipation Manifesto, 1861]
• [Image mir]
• [Primary Source Novgorod Zemstvo]
• [Image Polish rebels on way to Siberia, 1863]

3. Revolutionism in Russia
• [Primary Source Nihilism]
• [Image Mikhail Bakunin]
• [Image Sergei Nechaiev]
• [Primary Source Catechism of a Revolutionist]
• [Image Andrei Zhelyabov, member of People's Will]
• [Primary Source Assassination of Alexander II, 1881]
• [Image Alexander III]
• [Image Late 19th century executions]

LVXIII. The United States: The American Civil War

1. Growth of the United States
• [Map/Primary Source Tocqueville's Tour]
• [Image Taking the Census]
• [Image Early immigrants as Americans]
• [Image Early Photograph of the Capitol]

2. The Estrangement of North and South
• [Primary Source Lowell Mill Girls]
• [Primary Source Lowell mill work schedule, 1853]
• [Image Raising cotton in South]
• [Map Slave crops in the South, 1860]
• [Primary Source Working conditions of slaves on a Louisiana cotton plantation, 1853]
• [Image Mexican-American War, 1846]
• [Image Emmanuel Leutze, Westward the Course of Empire Takes its Way, 1861]
• [Map Missouri Compromise, 1820]
• [Primary Source Fugitive Slave Act, 1850]
• [Image Wendell Phillips Speaks Against the Fugitive Slave Law, 1851]
• [Map Slave and Free States, 1856]
• [Image Abraham Lincoln]
• [Primary Source Constitution of the Confederate States of America]
• [Image A Georgia Private]
• [Image Confederate dead, Gettysburg, 1863]
• [Primary Source Abraham Lincoln, Gettysburg Address]
• [Image Austrian archduke Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico]
• [Primary Source Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution]
• [Primary Source Emancipation Proclamation, 1862]
• [Primary Source Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution]

3. After the Civil War: Reconstruction, Industrial Growth
• [Primary Source Lincoln assassinated]
• [Image Procession in Washington, DC celebrating abolition, 1866]
• [Image Black Arkansas legislators]
• [Primary Source Report of the Joint Committee on Reconstruction, 1866]
• [Image Union Pacific railroad completed, 1869]
• [Map Land-grant colleges]
• [Image Vanderbilt Mansion, Fifth Avenue, New York City]

LVXIV. The Dominion of Canada, 1867

• [Image United Empire Loyalists]
• [Primary Source Quebec Act of 1774]
• [Map British North America, 1791]
• [Image 1837 rebellion]

1. Lord Durham's Report
• [Primary Source Durham's Report]

2. Founding of the Dominion of Canada
• [Primary Source British North America Act]
• [Image The Fathers of Confederation]
• [Image Uncle Sam Kicked Out]
• [Map Dominion of Canada]

LXX. Japan and the West

• [Image Commodore Matthew Perry]
• [Primary Source Matthew Perry, When We Landed in Japan, 1854]
• [Image Commodore Perry arrives in Yokohama, 1854]

1. Background: Two Centuries of Isolation, 1640-1854
• [Image Dutch trader in Japan]
• [Primary Source Honda Toshiaki, A Secret Plan for Government, 1798]
• [Virtual Tour Yedo (Tokyo)]
• [Image Samurai]
• [Primary Source The Way of the Samurai]
• [Image Buddhist priests and temple]
• [Image Shinto shrine]

2. The Opening of Japan
• [Primary Source Japanese-American Commercial Treaty, 1854]
• [Map Choshu Daimyo]

3. The Meiji era (1868-1912): The Westernization of Japan
• [Image Emperor Meiji]
• [Image Westernization of Japan: 1880 photograph]
• [Image Late 19th century building, western influence]
• [Image Export furniture]
• [Image European quarter in Nagasaki, 1865]
• [Image Industrialization: tramcar]
• [Image 1889 Celebrating the new Constitution of Imperial Japan in Kyoto]
• [Primary Source Constitution of Imperial Japan, 1889]
• [Primary Source Sakutaro Fujioka, Fifty Years of New Japan, 1909]