History of the Modern World, 10th Edition (Palmer)

Chapter 16: Europe's World Supremacy, 1871-1914

Primary Sources, Maps and Images

[Map Imperialism and the Balance of Power]

LXXVIII. Imperialism: Its Nature and Causes

1. The New Imperialism
• [Image Railway bridge in China]
• [Image Choshu fort]
• [Image 19th century Alexandria]

2. Incentives and Motives
• [Primary Source Missionaries]
• [Image Cotton mill, Shanghai, 1895]
• [Image Rubber plantation in Dutch Java]
• [Image Cheap labor: workers loading ship with coal, Nagasaki, 1895]
• [Image Non-European products: Chinese tea]
• [Primary Source J. A. Hobson, Imperialism, 1902]
• [Image J. A. Hobson]
• [Primary Source Vladimir Lenin, Imperialism, the Highest Stage of World Capitalism, 1916]
• [Image Harvesting coffee in Brazil]
• [Map British empire and investments]
• [Image Joseph Chamberlain]
• [Primary Source Joseph Chamberlain Preaches the Doctrine of Commercial Imperialism, 1893]
• [Primary Source Kaiser Wilhelm II, A Place in the Sun, 1901]

3. Imperialism as Crusade
• [Primary Source Friedrich Fabri, Does Germany Need Colonies?, 1879]
• [Primary Source Rudyard Kipling, The White Man's Burden, 1899]
• [Image Rudyard Kipling]
• [Image "The Yellow Peril"]
• [Primary Source Jack London, "The Yellow Peril,? in Revolution, 1909]
• [Primary Source Josiah Strong, On Anglo-Saxon Predominance, 1891]
• [Primary Source William Bentinck, On Ritual Murder in India, 1829]
• [Primary Source Dadabhai Naoroji, The Benefits and Detriments of British Rule, 1871]

LXXIX. The Americas

1. The United States and Mexico
• [Image Austrian archduke Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico]

2. United States Imperialism in the 1890s
• [Primary Source Albert Beveridge, The March of the Flag, 1898]
• [Primary Source Convention between the U.S. and Panama, 1903]
• [Image Panama Canal]
• [Primary Source U.S. Recognition of Cuban Independence, 1898]
• [Image "Cuba," Puck cartoon, 1890s]
• [Image "Yellow" press]
• [Image The Maine destroyed]
• [Image Rough Riders]
• [Primary Source Treaty of Peace between the United States and Spain, 1898]
• [Map Philippine Islands]
• [Primary Source The Rebellion in the Philippines, 1896]
• [Primary Source President McKinley on the Philippines, 1900]
• [Primary Source Platt Amendment, 1901]
• [Image President Theodore Roosevelt]
• [Primary Source "Roosevelt Corollary"]
• [Image Queen Liliuokalani of Hawaii]

LXXX. The Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire

2. The Ottoman Empire in the 1850s
• [Map Decline of the Ottoman Empire]
• [Image French army occupying Algeria]
• [Image Railway and commerce in Algiers]
• [Image Punch cartoon, 1879: Khedive of Egypt weighed down with debt]
• [Image Mehemet Ali, his son Ibrahim, and Soliman-Pasha (Colonel Sèves)]

3. Attempts at Reform and Revival, 1856-1876
• [Image Sultan's Palace, Constantinople]
• [Image Abdul Aziz]
• [Image Cartoon of Abdul Hamid II]

3. Repression after 1876
• [Primary Source Bulgarian massacres of 1876]

4. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878: The Congress of Berlin
• [Image Fyodor Dostoevski]
• [Image Fedor Tyutchev]
• [Image Bulgarians welcoming Russian troops, 1877]
• [Image Russian-Turkish naval engagement, 1877]
• [Image Russo-Turkish War]
• [Image Suez Canal]
• [Primary Source Lord Roberts, When Queen Victoria Became Empress of India, 1877]
• [Image Turks and Russians signing Treaty of San Stefano]
• [Image Bismarck and Disraeli at Congress of Berlin, 1877]
• [Image Turkish silk factory]
• [Image German military mission to Ottomans]
• [Map Berlin to Baghdad railway]

4. Egypt and North Africa
• [Image Cairo, 1894]
• [Image Building the Suez Canal]
• [Image Muhammad Tewfik Pasha, Khedive of Egypt]
• [Image British occupation of Egypt, 1882]
• [Primary Source Earl of Cromer, Why Britain Acquired Egypt, 1908]
• [Image Algiers, 1894]
• [Image Tunis, 1894]
• [Image Tangier, Morocco, 1894]
• [Primary Source Young Turks, Proclamation for the Ottoman Empire, 1908]

LXXXI. The Partition of Africa

• [Image Ceremonial mask, Zaire]

1. The Opening of Africa
• [Image David Livingstone]
• [Primary Source Henry M. Stanley, How I Found Livingstone, 1871]
• [Image Leopold II]
• [Primary Source Berlin Conference, 1885]
• [Map Congo Free State]
• [Image Producing rubber]
• [Image Producing cruelty]
• [Primary Source Edward D. Morel, The Black Man's Burden, 1903]
• [Primary Source A. E. Scrivener, Private Company Rule in the Congo, 1903]
• [Primary Source Report of the British Consul, Roger Casement, on the Administration of the Congo Free State, 1904]
• [Image Punch cartoon: King Leopold looking at skulls of dead Congolese]
• [Image Real occupation: Hoisting the German flag in East Africa, 1885]
• [Image Ethos of imperialism: Education as white man's burden]

2. Friction and Rivalry between the Powers
• [Map Italian empire]
• [Image Battle of Adowa]
• [Image Cartoon: Ethiopian emperor Menelik II and Italian General Baratieri]
• [Map African Colonies]
• [Primary Source Gustave Freensen, In the German South African Army, 1903-1904]
• [Image German officer and African policeman, Cameroon]
• [Map French West Africa predominant within French empire]
• [Image "Africa British from the Cape to Cairo"]
• [Primary Source Rhodes Obtains a Concession in Southern Rhodesia, 1888]
• [Image General Charles "Chinese" Gordon]
• [Primary Source Alfred Egmont Hake, The Death of General Gordon at Khartoum, 1885]
• [Image General Kitchener]
• [Primary Source Winston S. Churchill, The Battle of Omdurman, 1898]
• [Image French Cartoon: France as Little Red Riding Hood, Britain as the Big Bad Wolf]
• [Map Cape Colony, Transvaal, Orange Free State]
• [Image The Great Trek]
• [Image Boers]
• [Image Leander Starr Jameson]
• [Image Paul Kruger]
• [Map South African War]
• [Image British trenches in Boer War]
• [Image Krugersdorp concentration camp]
• [Image British unpopularity in Europe: French postcard lampooning British soldier]
• [Image British Unpopularity in the U.S.: Britain devouring African territory]
• [Map Africa in the Early Twentieth Century]

LXXXII. Imperialism in Asia: The Dutch, the British, and the Russians

1. The Dutch East Indies and British India
• [Image French Indochina banknote]
• [Image Revolt in Dutch East Indies suppressed in 1880s]
• [Image Dutch East Indies forced labor]
• [Image British soldier and Indian Sepoy]
• [Primary Source Charles Creighton Hazewell, The Indian Revolt, 1857]
• [Primary Source Elisa Greathed, An Account of the Opening of the Indian Mutiny at Meerut, 1857]
• [Image Sepoy mutineers being executed by the British, 1857]
• [Image East Bengal Railway, 1895]
• [Image Indian National Congress]
• [Primary Source Indian National Congress]

2. Conflict of Russian and British Interests
• [Image Vladivostok, 1895]
• [Primary Source Prince Gortchakoff, Dispatch justifying conquest of Tashkent, 1864]
• [Primary Source Anglo-Russian agreement, 1907]
• [Image Persian nationalist revolution, 1905-06]

LXXXIII. Imperialism in Asia: China and the West

1. China before Western Penetration
• [Primary Source Taiping Rebellion]

2. The Opening of China to the West
• [Image Chinese opium smokers]
• [Primary Source Lin Zixu, Letter of Advice to Queen Victoria, 1839]
• [Primary Source British Foreign Secretary Palmerston, Instructions on opium, 1841]
• [Image Opium War]
• [Primary Source Treaty of Nanking, 1842]
• [Primary Source Treaty of Tien-Tsin, 1858]
• [Image European factories in Canton 1857]
• [Map Treaty ports and foreign spheres in China]

3. Annexations and Concessions
• [Map Burma]
• [Image French Indochina, 1883]
• [Image Vietnamese perspective of French invasion of Indochina, 1884]
• [Image Chinese emperor's palace, Peiking, 1890s]
• [Image Forbidden City]
• [Image Sino-Japanese War of 1894]
• [Image Trans-Siberian Railway]
• [Map Trans-Siberian Railway]
• [Primary Source Kaiser Wilhelm II and German Interests in China]
• [Primary Source First Open Door Note]
• [Primary Source Boxer Rebellion]
• [Primary Source Yao Chen-Yuan, My Adventures During the Boxer War, 1900]
• [Image Boxer]
• [Primary Source Pierre Loti, When the Allies Entered Peking, 1900]
• [Image Sun Yat-sen]

LXXXIV. The Russo-Japanese War and Its Consequences

• [Primary Source The Anglo-Japanese Alliance, 1902]
• [Image Japanese view of Russian imperialism]
• [Image Port Arthur]
• [Primary Source Japanese attack on Russians at Port Arthur, 1905]
• [Primary Source Captain Vladimir Semenoff, Battle of Tsushima]
• [Primary Source Treaty of Portsmouth]
• [Image Russian Revolution of 1905]
• [Map Nationalist revolution in China, 1911]