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| 1 | |
The key to survival in an environment based on natural selection involves: |
| | A) | aggression. |
| | B) | size. |
| | C) | adaptation. |
| | D) | mutation. |
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| 2 | |
David Buss believes that __________ not only shapes our physical features, but also influences our decision making, aggressive behaviour, fears, and mating patterns. |
| | A) | adaptation |
| | B) | instinct |
| | C) | evolution |
| | D) | Genetics |
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| 3 | |
According to Baltes, the benefits of evolutionary selection: |
| | A) | increase with age. |
| | B) | decrease with age. |
| | C) | remain the same over the life span. |
| | D) | first increase in early adulthood, and then decrease following the decline in reproductive capacity. |
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| 4 | |
Albert Bandura criticizes evolutionary psychology because it: |
| | A) | is one-sided evolutionism. |
| | B) | takes a bidirectional view of development. |
| | C) | is too complex. |
| | D) | fails to take account of biological processes. |
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| 5 | |
__________ are units of hereditary information that act as a blueprint for cells to reproduce themselves. |
| | A) | Chromosomes |
| | B) | DNA |
| | C) | Genes |
| | D) | Ribosomes |
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| 6 | |
In the process of meiosis: |
| | A) | the number of chromosomes is reduced to half. |
| | B) | the focus is on cell growth and repair. |
| | C) | the number of chromosomes present remains the same. |
| | D) | two daughter cells are formed. |
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| 7 | |
Each human gamete has: |
| | A) | 46 paired chromosomes. |
| | B) | 46 unpaired chromosomes. |
| | C) | 23 paired chromosomes. |
| | D) | 23 unpaired chromosomes. |
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| 8 | |
The typical female chromosome pattern is: |
| | A) | YY. |
| | B) | XX. |
| | C) | XY. |
| | D) | XXY. |
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| 9 | |
The way an individual's genetic heritage is expressed in observed and measurable characteristics is his or her: |
| | A) | genotype. |
| | B) | phenotype. |
| | C) | dominant character. |
| | D) | recessive character. |
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| 10 | |
The basic premise of the reaction range model is that: |
| | A) | genetic factors determine an infant's range of behaviour and environmental factors determine an adult's behaviour. |
| | B) | genetic factors determine a possible range of expressions and environmental factors determine the ultimate expression achieved. |
| | C) | most behaviours are determined by genetic factors with the environment contributing little to human reactions. |
| | D) | most behaviours are determined by the environment with genetic factors contributing little to human reactions. |
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| 11 | |
Which of the following is the best example of canalization? |
| | A) | Twins reared apart in very different environments have different temperaments. |
| | B) | Two brown-eyed parents have a blue-eyed child. |
| | C) | An extra X chromosome causes genetic abnormalities. |
| | D) | Infants who experience extreme malnutrition show normal social and cognitive development later in childhood. |
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| 12 | |
Behavioural geneticists believe that behaviours are determined by: |
| | A) | only biological factors. |
| | B) | only environmental factors. |
| | C) | biological factors at birth and environmental factors throughout the rest of life. |
| | D) | a continuous interaction between biological and environmental factors. |
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| 13 | |
If heredity is an important determinant of a specific behaviour, what prediction can we make about expression of the behaviour in identical twins reared apart compared to its expression in fraternal twins reared apart? |
| | A) | Fraternal twins will express the behaviour more similarly than identical twins. |
| | B) | There will be little similarity in the expression of the behaviour in either set of twins. |
| | C) | Identical twins will express the behaviour more similarly than fraternal twins. |
| | D) | The behaviour will be expressed similarly by identical twins and fraternal twins. |
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| 14 | |
Down syndrome is caused by: |
| | A) | an extra chromosome. |
| | B) | alcohol consumption by the mother during pregnancy. |
| | C) | the mother's poor nutrition. |
| | D) | an extra X chromosome on the 23rd pair. |
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| 15 | |
Which of these syndromes is NOT sex-linked? |
| | A) | sickle-cell anemia |
| | B) | Klinefelter syndrome |
| | C) | Turner syndrome |
| | D) | XYY syndrome |
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| 16 | |
Amniocentesis involves: |
| | A) | taking a blood sample from the mother. |
| | B) | drawing a sample of the fluid that surrounds the baby in the womb. |
| | C) | taking a sample of the placenta between the 8th and 11th week of pregnancy. |
| | D) | taking a blood sample from the fetus. |
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| 17 | |
Hannah is a descendant of Eastern European Jews. Which genetic disorder is she most likely to have? |
| | A) | sickle-cell anemia |
| | B) | hemophilia |
| | C) | Klinefelter syndrome |
| | D) | Tay-Sachs disease |
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| 18 | |
Which of the following is a prenatal medical procedure in which high-frequency sound waves are directed into the pregnant woman's uterus? |
| | A) | chorionic villi sampling |
| | B) | maternal serum screening |
| | C) | amniocentesis |
| | D) | ultrasonography |
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| 19 | |
Which of the following is a possible cause for immobile sperm? |
| | A) | evidence of Y chromosome gene deletions |
| | B) | a malfunctioning prostate |
| | C) | the use of cocaine |
| | D) | evidence of a varicose vein in the scrotum |
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| 20 | |
Who discovered the first stem cell? |
| | A) | Schere |
| | B) | Havele and Bretscher |
| | C) | Flynn |
| | D) | McCulloch and Till |
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| 21 | |
Which of the following was one of the main controversies related to J. Phillippe Rushton's research on human intelligence? |
| | A) | The IQ scores of fraternal twins become more similar as they become older. |
| | B) | Intelligence is related to head size. |
| | C) | The intelligence of Caucasians is superior to Asians. |
| | D) | There is no relationship between intelligence and race. |
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| 22 | |
Behavioural geneticist Sandra Scarr argues that: |
| | A) | most aspects of family context are shared by all siblings within the family. |
| | B) | the environment the parents select for their children is due, in part, to the parents' genotypes. |
| | C) | only cross-cultural studies can be used to support the role of genetics in determining behaviour. |
| | D) | females are genetically superior to males in all aspects of development except physical strength. |
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| 23 | |
Marcus is a highly active child who is easily distracted. This leads to a great deal of angry warnings and punishments by his parents. Marcus' situation describes a(n) __________ -environment interaction. |
| | A) | passive genotype |
| | B) | active genotype |
| | C) | niche-picking genotype |
| | D) | evocative genotype |
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| 24 | |
Larry and Anita grew up in the same household, went to the same schools, participated in their family's social activities, and observed their parents' dedication to work and community. These experiences constitute Larry and Anita's: |
| | A) | shared environmental experiences. |
| | B) | nonshared environmental experiences. |
| | C) | niche-picking experiences. |
| | D) | heritability. |
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| 25 | |
Which view states that development is the result of an ongoing, bi-directional interchange between heredity and the environment? |
| | A) | socio-cultural |
| | B) | epigenetic |
| | C) | behavioural |
| | D) | evolutionary |
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