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1 | |
The term "acid precipitation," as opposed to "normal precipitation," refers to precipitation that has a pH somewhere between |
| | A) | 2.0 and 5.6 |
| | B) | 5.6 and 7.0 |
| | C) | 7.0 and 9.3 |
| | D) | 9.3 and 11.3 |
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2 | |
Which is the formula for the hydroxide ion? |
| | A) | OH-(aq) |
| | B) | H3O+(aq) |
| | C) | OH2-(aq) |
| | D) | H+(aq) |
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3 | |
A solution that has pH of 6 is |
| | A) | slightly acidic. |
| | B) | slightly basic. |
| | C) | very acidic. |
| | D) | very basic. |
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4 | |
At any temperature, an aqueous solution is considered acidic only if |
| | A) | MH+ = MOH- |
| | B) | MH+ > MOH- |
| | C) | MH+ < MOH- |
| | D) | MOH- = 1.0 x 10-7 |
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5 | |
Which of these substances will be acidic in aqueous solution?
I. H2SO4
II. NaOH
III. HNO3
IV. CH4 |
| | A) | I only |
| | B) | I, II, and III only |
| | C) | I and III only |
| | D) | I, III, and IV only |
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6 | |
Which is the net ionic equation for the reaction of KOH (aq) with HNO3(aq) |
| | A) | K+(aq) + OH-(aq) + H+(aq) + NO3-(aq) ----> H2O (l) + K+(aq) + NO3-(aq) |
| | B) | KOH (aq) + HNO3(aq) ----> KNO3(aq) + H2O (l) |
| | C) | KOH (aq) ----> K+(aq) + OH-(aq) |
| | D) | OH-(aq) + H+(aq) ----> H2O (l) |
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7 | |
If the molar hydrogen ion concentration of an aqueous solution changes by a factor of ten, there will be a corresponding change of |
| | A) | one pH unit. |
| | B) | one-tenth of a pH unit. |
| | C) | ten pH units. |
| | D) | one hundred pH units. |
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8 | |
What is the major human-caused source of SOx? |
| | A) | agricultural practices, mainly biomass burning |
| | B) | industrial sources, mainly processing ore |
| | C) | combustion of fossil fuels to produce electricity |
| | D) | combustion of gasoline for transportation |
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9 | |
Which is the acid anhydride of carbonic acid? |
| | A) | CO |
| | B) | CO2 |
| | C) | SO2 |
| | D) | SO3 |
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10 | |
Which is not a method used to protect iron from the effects of acid rain? |
| | A) | paint surfaces |
| | B) | coat with polymers |
| | C) | galvanize with zinc |
| | D) | immerse in salt water |
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11 | |
Which is the equation for the complete dissociation of sulfuric acid? |
| | A) | H2SO4(aq) ----> H+(aq) + H2SO4-(aq) |
| | B) | H2SO4(aq) ----> 2 H+(aq) + SO42-(aq) |
| | C) | H2SO4(aq) ----> H2O (l) + SO3(g) |
| | D) | H2SO4(aq) ----> 2 H+(aq) + S6+(aq) + 4 O2-(aq) |
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12 | |
What information is gained by measuring the ANC value of a lake? |
| | A) | The ANC value measures the pH of the lake and predicts its capacity to transport Al3+(aq). |
| | B) | The ANC value indicates the ability of a lake to resist change in pH when acids are added. |
| | C) | The ANC value predicts how much Ca(OH)2 should be added to the lake to counter acid rain. |
| | D) | The ANC value calculates the estimated cost of returning the lake to its optimum pH. |
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13 | |
Which source contributes the largest proportion of the 59 metric tons per year of NOx that all natural sources combined contribute to the atmosphere? |
| | A) | oceans |
| | B) | soil and plants |
| | C) | volcanoes |
| | D) | lightning |
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14 | |
Which equation represents the primary function of a catalytic converter in an automobile? |
| | A) | 2 CO (g) + O2(g) ----> 2 CO2(g) |
| | B) | CO2(g) ----> C (s) + O2(g) |
| | C) | 2 NO (g) ----> N2(g) + O2(g) |
| | D) | 2 NO (g) + O2(g) ----> 2 NO2(g) |
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15 | |
31.2 million tons of sulfur dioxide (SO2) were released into the atmosphere in 1970 in the U.S. By 1997, 20.3 million tons were released. By what percentage did SO2 emissions drop during this time period? |
| | A) | 11% |
| | B) | 26% |
| | C) | 35% |
| | D) | 54% |
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16 | |
Which equation represents a reaction by which acid rain damages limestone and marble? |
| | A) | HNO3(aq) ----> H+(aq) + NO3-(aq) |
| | B) | SO2(g) + H2O (l) ----> H2SO3(aq) |
| | C) | Ca(OH)2(aq) + 2 HCl (aq) ----> CaCl2(aq) + 2 H2O (l) |
| | D) | 2 H+(aq) + CaCO3(s) ----> Ca2+(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O (l) |
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17 | |
A lake sample has a pH of 6.45. Which describes the proton concentration [H+] in the sample? |
| | A) | between 10-4 and 10-5 M |
| | B) | between 10-4 and 10-5 M |
| | C) | between 10-5 and 10-6 M |
| | D) | between 10-6 and 10-7 M |
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18 | |
The air pollutant SO2 is responsible for much, if not most, of the acid rain in the U.S. Which statement is false? |
| | A) | "Natural" sources of SO2 include volcanoes and oceans |
| | B) | SO2 dissolves in water to form the strong irritant SO3. |
| | C) | Acid rain also contains the strong mineral acid H2SO3. |
| | D) | None of these statements are false; all are true. |
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19 | |
Adding and dissolving which of these substances to neutral water will result in an aqueous solution that is acidic? |
| | A) | lye (KOH) |
| | B) | CaCO3 |
| | C) | ammonia (NH3) |
| | D) | CO2 |
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20 | |
At neutral pH what would you find in a water sample that has been purified (i.e., had salts and gases removed)? |
| | A) | only water because there are no ions in purified water |
| | B) | equal but very small concentrations of OH- and H+ |
| | C) | a slight excess of OH- |
| | D) | a slight excess of H+ |
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