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1 | | A pharmacological dose (megadose) of a vitamin is defined as an intake of more than: |
| | A) | two times the RDA. |
| | B) | five times the RDA. |
| | C) | ten times the RDA. |
| | D) | one hundred times the RDA. |
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2 | | Vitamins are classified |
| | A) | organic and inorganic. |
| | B) | fat-soluble and water soluble. |
| | C) | essential and nonessential. |
| | D) | elements and compounds. |
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3 | | All of the following diseases may lead to poor absorption of vitamins A, E, and K except: |
| | A) | Crohn's disease. |
| | B) | cystic fibrosis. |
| | C) | celiac disease. |
| | D) | scurvy. |
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4 | | Which of the following is not generally a true statement about fat-soluble vitamins? |
| | A) | Excess amounts are readily excreted from the body. |
| | B) | They can be consumed less frequently than the water-soluble vitamins. |
| | C) | They are bound to proteins when traveling in the blood. |
| | D) | They may accumulate to toxic amounts in the body. |
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5 | | One-a-day types of vitamin and mineral supplements: |
| | A) | are necessary to prevent against nutrient deficiencies. |
| | B) | include all known essential vitamins and minerals. |
| | C) | are scientifically prepared to ensure a balance of all known essential nutrients. |
| | D) | are often not needed by healthy, active adults who regularly eat a varied diet. |
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6 | | All of the following methods will help to preserve food nutrients except: |
| | A) | Cut fruits and vegetables into pieces and store before eating. |
| | B) | use microwave cooking or steaming for vegetables. |
| | C) | refrigerate foods in a moisture-proof container near freezing temperature. |
| | D) | all of the above methods preserve vitamins. |
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7 | | Which of the following water-soluble vitamins does not pose a particularly high risk of toxicity? |
| | A) | vitamin B-6 |
| | B) | thiamin |
| | C) | niacin |
| | D) | vitamin C |
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8 | | One of the first signs of vitamin A deficiency is: |
| | A) | anemia. |
| | B) | jaundice. |
| | C) | night blindness. |
| | D) | scurvy. |
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9 | | One of the last signs of vitamin A deficiency is: |
| | A) | anemia |
| | B) | osteoporosis |
| | C) | blindness |
| | D) | hemorrhage |
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10 | | Deficiency symptoms such as respiratory infections, gastrointestinal disturbances, and blindness are related to the role of vitamin A in: |
| | A) | promoting growth. |
| | B) | maintaining healthy tissue. |
| | C) | acting as an antioxidant. |
| | D) | blood clotting. |
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11 | | Of the following, which is a vitamin precursor? |
| | A) | retinol |
| | B) | choline |
| | C) | carotenoids |
| | D) | 1.25(OH)2 vitamin D |
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12 | | Identify the best sources of carotenoids. |
| | A) | whole grains, nuts, seeds, egg yolk, and plant oils |
| | B) | lean meat, poultry, fish, and legumes |
| | C) | corn, peas, and beans |
| | D) | pumpkin, carrots, squash, sweet potatoes, and apricots |
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13 | | The main active form of vitamin D in the body is: |
| | A) | 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D. |
| | B) | calcitonin. |
| | C) | hydroxyapatite. |
| | D) | prohormone vitamin D. |
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14 | | Calcification of the soft tissues is a symptom of: |
| | A) | vitamin K deficiency. |
| | B) | vitamin D deficiency. |
| | C) | vitamin D excess. |
| | D) | vitamin A excess. |
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15 | | Which of the following symptoms would indicate a vitamin D deficiency in infants and young children? |
| | A) | abnormally high blood calcium |
| | B) | rupture of red blood cells |
| | C) | bowed legs |
| | D) | abnormally low blood calcium |
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16 | | Which of the following is not a good source of vitamin D? |
| | A) | sunshine |
| | B) | fatty fish |
| | C) | fortified milk and margarine |
| | D) | fruit, vegetables, and whole grains |
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17 | | Identify one function of vitamin D. |
| | A) | necessary for iron metabolism |
| | B) | prevents scurvy |
| | C) | acts as an antioxidant |
| | D) | aids in the absorption of calcium |
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18 | | Which of the following substitutes for some of our need for vitamin E? |
| | A) | sodium |
| | B) | sulfur |
| | C) | silver |
| | D) | selenium |
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19 | | The need for vitamin E in the diet will increase with an increase in the amount of what other nutrient in the diet? |
| | A) | protein. |
| | B) | saturated fatty acids. |
| | C) | carbohydrate. |
| | D) | polyunsaturated fatty acids. |
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20 | | Vitamin E functions in the body: |
| | A) | to maintain vision and skin integrity, as well as growth of nails and bones. |
| | B) | as an antioxidant to prevent cell damage. |
| | C) | to calcify bones and teeth. |
| | D) | to supply energy and spare protein. |
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21 | | Vitamin K deficiency is a possible result of: |
| | A) | kidney disease. |
| | B) | antibiotic therapy. |
| | C) | presence of phytates. |
| | D) | insufficient intake of citrus fruits. |
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22 | | The vitamin synthesized by bacteria in the intestine is: |
| | A) | E |
| | B) | D |
| | C) | A |
| | D) | K |
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23 | | Vitamin K is needed in the body for: |
| | A) | enzyme action. |
| | B) | blood clotting. |
| | C) | energy production. |
| | D) | carbohydrate metabolism |
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24 | | Vitamin K is found in: |
| | A) | seafood, iodized salt, and dairy products. |
| | B) | citrus fruits, cantaloupe, seeds, and nuts. |
| | C) | fortified cereals, milk, and cheese. |
| | D) | green leafy vegetables. |
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25 | | Plant oils are excellent sources of __________ and liver is an excellent source of __________. |
| | A) | vitamin K; vitamin A |
| | B) | vitamin E; vitamin D |
| | C) | vitamin E; vitamin A |
| | D) | vitamin D; vitamin K |
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