(See related pages)
Upon completing this chapter, you will be able to:
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1. Identify the key features of the definition of learning. |
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2. Identify the significant elements in Pavlov's study of classical conditioning; for example, association. |
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3. Define classical conditioning and its terminology, including UCS, UCR, CS, and CR. |
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4. Identify applications of classical conditioning and their importance. |
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5. Identify and define the processes involved in operant conditioning as well as its connection to the "law of effect." |
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6. Explain how positive reinforcement is influenced by timing and consistency. |
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7. Distinguish between primary reinforcement and secondary reinforcement. |
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8. Compare and contrast the four schedules of reinforcement: fixed ratio, variable ratio, fixed interval, and variable interval. |
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9. Describe the process of shaping. |
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10. Define negative reinforcement, and compare escape conditioning to avoidance conditioning. |
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11. List the dangers of using punishment and identify guidelines for the appropriate use of punishment. |
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12. Distinguish between classical and operant conditioning. |
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13. Distinguish between stimulus discrimination and stimulus generalization. |
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14. Identify how extinction occurs. |
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15. Describe how spontaneous recovery and disinhibition are related to extinction. |
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16. Compare the cognitive and connectionist interpretations of learning. |
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17. Describe the characteristics of place learning, latent learning, insight learning, and learning sets. |
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18. Define modeling and explain the roles of vicarious reinforcement and vicarious punishment in learning. |
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19. Explain how biological factors affect learning, including learned taste aversions. |
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20. (From the Application section) Describe and provide examples of superstitious behavior. |