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1 | |
Which of the following defines learning? |
| | A) | a relatively permanent change in behavior brought about through experience |
| | B) | the gradual and systematic organization of new behaviors |
| | C) | permanent adaptations of behavior to suit new environments |
| | D) | temporary changes in behavior brought about through experience |
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2 | |
In Pavlov's classic experiments with dogs, salivation was initially |
| | A) | a conditioned stimulus. |
| | B) | an unconditioned stimulus. |
| | C) | a conditioned response. |
| | D) | an unconditioned response. |
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3 | |
In experiments with rats, Robert Adler paired immune system depressing drugs with saccharin-flavored water. After a number of pairings, he noted immune system depression when the drugs were no longer given and rats drank only the saccharin-flavored water. In Adler's experiments, the saccharin-flavored water was |
| | A) | a conditioned response. |
| | B) | an unconditioned response. |
| | C) | a conditioned stimulus. |
| | D) | an unconditioned stimulus. |
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4 | |
Under which conditions will the best learning occur? |
| | A) | Present the neutral stimulus .5 seconds before the unconditioned stimulus. |
| | B) | Present the unconditioned stimulus 60 seconds minute before the unconditioned response. |
| | C) | Present the neutral stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus at the same time. |
| | D) | Present the neutral stimulus 30 seconds before the unconditioned stimulus. |
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5 | |
In order to feed your tropical fish, you must lift the lid on the tank to drop the food in. Lately you've noticed that whenever you lift the lid, the fish swim to the surface of the water and mouth for food. In this example, what is the conditioned stimulus? |
| | A) | the fish food |
| | B) | the sight of the lid opening |
| | C) | the fish mouthing for food |
| | D) | the fish eating the food |
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6 | |
According to the law of effect, |
| | A) | innate, unlearned responses can become associated with previously neutral stimuli. |
| | B) | a conditioned stimulus must be presented before an unconditioned stimulus in order for learning to occur. |
| | C) | two stimuli become associated when paired together over time. |
| | D) | behavior that is rewarded is likely to be repeated. |
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7 | |
In both classical conditioning and operant conditioning associations are learned. What association is learned in operant conditioning? |
| | A) | an association between a stimulus and a stimulus |
| | B) | an association between a stimulus and a response |
| | C) | an association between a behavior and a consequence |
| | D) | an association between a stimulus and a reward |
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8 | |
You go to work everyday and every Friday you receive a paycheck for the previous week's work. Your working behavior is being reinforced on a __________________________ schedule. |
| | A) | fixed interval |
| | B) | variable interval |
| | C) | fixed ratio |
| | D) | variable ratio |
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9 | |
Shaping is an effective way to |
| | A) | eliminate unacceptable behaviors. |
| | B) | treat phobias. |
| | C) | systematically punish behaviors. |
| | D) | teach a complex behavior. |
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10 | |
For the past month, whenever Jahmal went to school, a group of boys ridiculed him. Lately, Jahmal has been complaining of feeling ill and is asking his mother to let him stay home. If his mother complies with the request, how will she reinforce Jahmal? |
| | A) | positive reinforcement |
| | B) | punishment |
| | C) | negative-reinforcement - escape conditioning |
| | D) | negative reinforcement - avoidance conditioning |
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11 | |
When you engage in a behavior in order to end an aversive stimulus, your behavior is being reinforced through |
| | A) | negative reinforcement - escape conditioning. |
| | B) | punishment. |
| | C) | negative reinforcement - avoidance conditioning. |
| | D) | positive reinforcement. |
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12 | |
As a child, you stepped into a nest of fire ants and were badly stung. As an adult, you have a fear of ants, bees, caterpillars, and centipedes. You have experienced |
| | A) | spontaneous recovery. |
| | B) | stimulus disinhibition. |
| | C) | stimulus generalization. |
| | D) | stimulus discrimination. |
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13 | |
Which theorist's work seriously challenged the connectionist interpretation of learning? |
| | A) | Ivan Pavlov |
| | B) | Edward Tolman |
| | C) | B. F. Skinner |
| | D) | J. B. Watson |
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14 | |
The sudden realization of previously unlearned relationships is called |
| | A) | place learning. |
| | B) | vicarious learning. |
| | C) | insight learning. |
| | D) | a learning set. |
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15 | |
How does the development of a taste aversion differ from typical classical conditioning principles? |
| | A) | The association can be learned in a single pairing of the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli. |
| | B) | The association does not result in a predictable or measurable response. |
| | C) | The association can be easily extinguished. |
| | D) | The interval between the presentation of the neutral stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus must less than .5 seconds. |
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