| Assessment | Process of collecting a full range of information about students and classrooms for the purpose of making instructional decisions.
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| Authentic assessment | Assessment procedures that have students demonstrate their abilities to perform particular tasks in real-life situations.
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| Corrective feedback | Information given to students about how well they are doing.
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| Criterion-referenced tests | A test that evaluates a particular student's performance against a pre-established standard of criterion.
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| Essay test | An approach to testing in which students are required to express their thoughts in writing.
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| Evaluation | Process of making judgment, assigning value, or deciding on the worth of a particular program or approach or of a student's work.
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| Extrinsic Reward | A reward that is external to the activity itself, such as points, grades, or stars.
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| Fairness | The degree to which a test is free from bias and does not discriminate against a particular group of students because of their race, ethnicity, or gender.
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| Formative evaluation | Evaluation that occurs before or during an instruction and is used to assist with planning or making adaptations.
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| Grading on a curve | The practice of assigning grades so they will follow a normal curve.
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| Grading to criterion | Practice of assigning grades according to how well students do on a pre-defined set of objectives or standards.
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| Holistic scoring | Technique for grading essay questions or other written work that emphasizes looking at the work as a whole rather than at its individual parts.
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| Norm-referenced tests | A standardized test that evaluates a particular student's performance by comparing it to the performance of some other well-defined group of students.
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| Objective tests | Tests with items that produce answers that can be scored relatively free from bias.
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| Performance assessment | Assessment procedures that have students demonstrate their abilities to perform particular tasks in testing situations.
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| Prior knowledge | Information and knowledge held by students before they receive instruction.
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| Reliability | The degree to which a test produces consistent results over several administrations.
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| Scoring rubric | A detailed description of some type of performance and the criteria that will be used to judge it.
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| Standardized tests | Tests that are normally designed by professional testmakers for nationwide use and are commercially distributed.
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| Portfolio | A collection of a student's work that demonstrates the student's ability to perform particular tasks.
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| Summative Evaluation | Evaluation done after instruction to determine program effectiveness or the worth of student's work.
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| Test blueprint | A tool for construction tests that have a balance of questions, representing an array of instructional objectives and levels of student understanding.
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| Validity | The degree to which a test measures what it claims to measure.
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