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1 | |
The story of Charles Darwin's son Doddy suggests that |
| | A) | infants gain knowledge in sudden bursts or jumps, consistent with stage theories of development. |
| | B) | children learn new skills and concepts by piling new knowledge onto old knowledge. |
| | C) | normal, healthy infants are born with the ability to learn and with a capacity for acquiring and using language. |
| | D) | even a seasoned scientist like Charles Darwin can be biased when recording the developmental milestones of his child. |
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2 | |
A small university has three full-time faculty members in its Developmental Psychology program. Dr. Abel is concerned with the basic mechanics of learning, Dr. Baker prefers to use tests to measure individual differences in cognitive abilities, and Dr. Charles looks at changes in the quality of cognitive functioning. In order (Abel, Baker, Charles), each professor's respective approach to studying cognitive development is |
| | A) | behaviorist, psychometric, Piagetian. |
| | B) | psychometric, behaviorist, Piagetian. |
| | C) | Piagetian, psychometric, behaviorist. |
| | D) | Piagetian, behaviorist, psychometric. |
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3 | |
When Tony's mother was pregnant, she listened to recordings of Mozart every day. Now, three-week-old Tony sucks a nipple more when he hears Mozart than when he hears other music that his mother didn't listen to during pregnancy, which demonstrates the effects of which approach to memory processes? |
| | A) | behaviorist |
| | B) | psychometric |
| | C) | Piagetian |
| | D) | biological |
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4 | |
Recent research with infant memory suggests that |
| | A) | early events are not stored in memory because the brain is not sufficiently well developed. |
| | B) | early memories are repressed because they are emotionally troubling. |
| | C) | children cannot store information in memory until they can talk about them. |
| | D) | infants' memory processes are similar to those of children and adults, except that retention time is shorter. |
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5 | |
Infant intelligence tests |
| | A) | are poor predictors of future functioning. |
| | B) | are good predictors of future functioning. |
| | C) | frighten children. |
| | D) | are not reliable assessment tools. |
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6 | |
Research assessing the effects of early educational intervention finds that |
| | A) | early gains in intellectual functioning last into adulthood. |
| | B) | it is parental training that is most critical for maintaining educational gains. |
| | C) | early interventions help moderate the effects of low socioeconomic status. |
| | D) | due to the placebo effect, even children in the control groups showed increases in their developmental test scores. |
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7 | |
15-month-old Lydia sees her top roll across the floor and hit a ball, and the ball rolls into a corner. Now Lydia purposely throws the top at the ball to see what happens. Lydia is in which substage of Piaget's sensorimotor state? |
| | A) | primary circular reactions |
| | B) | secondary circular reactions |
| | C) | coordination of secondary schemes |
| | D) | tertiary circular reactions |
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8 | |
Juana played a game with her 10-month-old son Raul. She showed him a toy, then put the toy under a jacket on the floor by Raul. Raul watched as his mother moved the toy and put it under a blanket. Raul then looked for the toy under the jacket, demonstrating what cognitive error? |
| | A) | object permanence error |
| | B) | A, not-B error |
| | C) | B, not-A error |
| | D) | placement error |
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9 | |
Which of the following is not currently seen as an error in Piaget's theory of cognitive development during the sensorimotor stage? |
| | A) | Development of object concept and spatial knowledge is linked to the decline in egocentrism. |
| | B) | Children do not begin to have a concept of number until the 6th substage when they begin to use symbols. |
| | C) | The ability to classify depends on representational thinking, which begins during the 6th substage. |
| | D) | Deferred imitation develops as the development of mental representations, somewhere between 18 and 24 months. |
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10 | |
Which of the following is not true about habituation? |
| | A) | Habituation is an indicator of sensory perception and discrimination. |
| | B) | Habituation can be an indicator of future intelligence. |
| | C) | Habituation is a type of learning in which familiarity with a stimulus reduces, slows, or stops a response. |
| | D) | Habituation is an increase in responsiveness after presentation of a new stimulus. |
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11 | |
Which type of memory appears latest in development, and what area of the brain controls it? |
| | A) | memory for sequences; striatum |
| | B) | conditioning; cerebellum and brain stem |
| | C) | working memory; prefrontal cortex |
| | D) | episodic; hippocampus |
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12 | |
Khalifa, a normal, healthy baby from an upper middle class family, is 24 months old. We would expect that he would be able to do all of the following except |
| | A) | speak in combinations of three or more words. |
| | B) | use verbs and adjectives. |
| | C) | want to talk. |
| | D) | name many things while using fewer gestures. |
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13 | |
14-month-old Malek calls every four-legged animal a dog, demonstrating which characteristic of early speech? |
| | A) | underextending |
| | B) | overextending |
| | C) | overregularizing |
| | D) | using telegraphic speech |
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14 | |
All other things being equal, which child would be expected to realize the greatest benefits from reading with her parents? |
| | A) | Debra, whose parents use the describer style, describing what's going on in the pictures and inviting Debra to do the same. |
| | B) | Carlie, whose parents use the comprehender style, encouraging Carlie to look at the meaning of the story and make inferences and predictions. |
| | C) | Priscilla, whose parents use the performance-oriented style, reading the story straight through, introducing the main themes before hand, then asking questions afterward/ |
| | D) | Dierdre, whose parents use dialogic reading, in which Dierdre becomes the story teller, her parents listen and ask challenging, open-ended questions. |
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