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argues that adaptation during the evolution of humans produced psychological differences between males and females. |
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According to , children's gender development occurs through observation and imitation, and through rewards and punishments for gender-appropriate and -inappropriate behavior. |
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A is a cognitive structure, a network of associations, that organizes the world in terms of female and male and guides a person's perceptions, thinking, and behavior. |
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means thinking about ourselves and others as people, not as masculine, feminine, or androgynous. |
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is the presence of a high degree of masculine and feminine characteristics in the same individual. |
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is being skilled in forming and maintaining relationships. |
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According to the , the preschool child develops a sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parent but because of anxiety, the child identifies with the same-sex parent, unconsciously adopting the same-sex parent's characteristics. |
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The states that children's gender typing occurs after children think of themselves as boys and girls. |
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is the understanding that sex remains the same, even though activities, clothing, and hair style might change. |
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states that gender typing emerges as children gradually develop concepts of what is gender-appropriate and gender-inappropriate in their culture. |
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