After reading this chapter, the student should be able to:

• know how to see the social environment in an infant-toddler program.
• understand why identity formation is important in infant-toddler programs.
• gain a clear understanding of self image, and what factors contribute to a positive self image.
• identify influences on gender identity.
• realize the importance of positive approaches to discipline and guidance.
• explain why a section on caregiver's self-esteem is included in the chapter.