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| 1 | |
All of the following are steps in the scientific method except |
| | A) | identifying questions of interest. |
| | B) | formulating an explanation. |
| | C) | gathering public opinion. |
| | D) | carrying out research designed to support or refute the explanation. |
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| 2 | |
Psychologists identify questions to be researched from |
| | A) | everyday observations. |
| | B) | previous research. |
| | C) | curiosity, creativity, or insight. |
| | D) | all of these. |
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| 3 | |
Theories and hypotheses allow psychologists to |
| | A) | make sense of unorganized, separate observations and bits of information. |
| | B) | place pieces within a structured and coherent framework. |
| | C) | move beyond already known facts and principles and make deductions about as yet unexplained phenomena. |
| | D) | all of these |
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| 4 | |
According to Darley and Latane's diffusion of responsibility theory, someone is more likely to stop to help you if your car breaks down |
| | A) | on a busy highway. |
| | B) | on a deserted country road. |
| | C) | in a popular mall's parking lot. |
| | D) | in rush-hour traffic. |
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| 5 | |
Dr. Seymour Problems was walking down a country trail when he observed a mother robin ignoring her chirping offspring in the nest. Dr. Problems immediately thought that the mother robin was ignoring her brood because she was deaf. This last statement is an example of |
| | A) | an observation. |
| | B) | an hypothesis. |
| | C) | a theory. |
| | D) | an untestable research question. |
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| 6 | |
If you were to spend some time watching people in the checkout line of a local discount store to see how many read the tabloid newspapers displayed next to the register, you have chosen the __________ research method to answer your question. |
| | A) | experimental |
| | B) | naturalistic observation |
| | C) | survey |
| | D) | case study |
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| 7 | |
"Do you support reducing welfare benefits in order to reduce the budget deficit?" is an example of a(n) |
| | A) | open-ended question. |
| | B) | loaded question. |
| | C) | double-barrel question. |
| | D) | restricted question. |
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| 8 | |
As a researcher, Cheep Skate wanted to use a relatively inexpensive way to test his hypothesis. Therefore, he examined existing data such as census documents, college records, and newspaper clippings. This type of research is known as |
| | A) | naturalistic observation. |
| | B) | case study. |
| | C) | archival research. |
| | D) | correlational research. |
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| 9 | |
The only way psychologists can establish cause-and-effect relationships through research is by carrying out a(n) |
| | A) | observational study that records the actual behavior of real people in real life situations. |
| | B) | survey study that asks people to explain why they behave the way they do. |
| | C) | experiment that demonstrates the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable. |
| | D) | case study that focuses intensively on individual behavior. |
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| 10 | |
Dr. Secret Decoda wanted to investigate students' problem-solving abilities. He designed a study in which he presented an easy problem, a moderately difficult problem, and a very difficult problem. He measured how long it took students to complete each problem. He hypothesized that students would take less time to solve the easier problem and more time to solve the moderately difficult problem and even more time to solve the very difficult problem. The level of problem difficulty is |
| | A) | the dependent variable. |
| | B) | the independent variable. |
| | C) | an operational definition. |
| | D) | the control condition. |
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