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Chapter Outline
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  1. Introduction
  2. Anatomical Review
    1. Bony Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine
    2. Bony Structures and Surface Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine
    3. Soft Tissue Structures of the Lumbar Spine
    4. Bony Anatomy of the Sacrum
    5. Bony and Soft Tissue Structures and Surface Anatomy of the Sacrum
    6. Muscles of the Lumbar Spine and Sacrum
  3. Movement and Manual Muscle Testing of the Region
    1. Movements of the Region
  4. Dermatomes for the Lumbar Spine and Sacrum
  5. Trigger-Point Referral Patterns for Muscles of the Region
    1. Erector Spinae
    2. Serratus Posterior Inferior
    3. Quadratus Lumborum
    4. Multifi dus and Rotatores
    5. Gluteus Maximus
    6. Gluteus Medius
    7. Gluteus Minimus
    8. Piriformis
    9. Rectus Abdominus
    10. Obliques and Transverse Abdominus
    11. Iliopsoas
  6. Specifi c Conditions
    1. Lumbar Spine Conditions
    2. Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis
    3. Facet Joint Syndrome
    4. Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction
  7. Summary
  8. Review Questions
  9. Critical-Thinking Questions
  10. Quick Reference Tables
    1. Bony Structures of the Lumbar Spine
    2. Soft Tissue Structures of the Lumbar Spine
    3. Bony and Soft Tissue Structures and Surface Anatomy of the Sacrum
    4. Muscles of the Lumbar Spine and Sacrum
    5. Trigger Points for the Lumbar Spine and Sacrum
    6. Orthopedic Tests for the Lumbar Spine and Sacrum





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