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| 1 | |
Dr. Lawrence works with a government agency. He is researching ways to increase job satisfaction by changing methods of management and training, and finding ways to put "the right person in the right job." Dr. Lawrence works in the field of |
| | A) | industrial-organizational (I/O) psychology. |
| | B) | human factors psychology. |
| | C) | forensic psychology. |
| | D) | design psychology. |
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| 2 | |
Which form of evaluation is an efficient and valid method for evaluating job applicants and whether a current employee should be promoted? |
| | A) | unstructured interviews |
| | B) | structured interviews |
| | C) | intelligence tests |
| | D) | performance tests |
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| 3 | |
Avi wishes to evaluate his current employees so that he can determine their raises, promotions, and whether he should fire any who aren't working out well. To get the most relevant information, Avi should use what type of assessment? |
| | A) | performance tests |
| | B) | intelligence tests |
| | C) | tests of job skills and job knowledge |
| | D) | job performance ratings |
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| 4 | |
Jean-Paul's company has sent him to an assessment center to be evaluated for promotion to a managerial position. He is given a problem similar to one he might encounter as a manager. This type of simulated task is referred to as |
| | A) | a predictive measurement task. |
| | B) | an in-basket exercise. |
| | C) | an organizational task. |
| | D) | a managerial stimulation. |
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| 5 | |
Recent research suggests that the best predictors of later job performance and success in job-training programs are |
| | A) | assessment centers. |
| | B) | performance tests. |
| | C) | tests of intellectual abilities. |
| | D) | tests based on the "big five" personality factors. |
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| 6 | |
Which of the "big five" personality factors is the most useful in predicting job success? |
| | A) | openness |
| | B) | agreeableness |
| | C) | conscientiousness |
| | D) | extraversion |
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| 7 | |
Which statement most accurately reflects the conclusions of Richard Wagner with regard to the use of intelligence tests as predictors of future job performance? |
| | A) | Although the tests are flawed in their ability to predict which minority applicants have good job potential, discontinuing their use might make matters worse. |
| | B) | The tests do a fairly good job of predicting which minority workers have good job potential, thus their use should be continued. |
| | C) | Because the tests are flawed in their ability to predict which minority workers have good job potential, their use should be discontinued. |
| | D) | They have been extremely useful for predicting which workers—minority or non-minority—have good job potential. |
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| 8 | |
The most effective managers and supervisors are |
| | A) | organized and authoritarian. |
| | B) | considerate and communicative. |
| | C) | directive and communicative. |
| | D) | directive and structured. |
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| 9 | |
Joshua and his co-workers have been assigned the task of developing retaining walls for hillside homes. The walls must be designed so they will hold up against such environmental stressors as earthquakes and floods. The team is given considerable latitude in determining how to achieve this. The managerial strategy being used is |
| | A) | transformational management. |
| | B) | management by objectives. |
| | C) | egalitarian management. |
| | D) | participative management. |
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| 10 | |
Which leader is most likely to use a transformational management style and to reward employees for a job well done? |
| | A) | Harlan, a male supervisor |
| | B) | Harry, a male manager |
| | C) | Harvey, a male senior manager |
| | D) | Harriet, a female manager |
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| 11 | |
Dr. Sigall is working on a way to engineer labels and instructions that will help diabetics monitor their glucose levels so they can self-administer their proper dosage of insulin. This type of research falls within the realm of which field of psychology? |
| | A) | medical psychology |
| | B) | human technology |
| | C) | human factors engineering |
| | D) | health psychology |
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| 12 | |
Studies on implementing health plans in the workplace have demonstrated that investing in programs to improve employees' health |
| | A) | is good for employees and profitable for the companies. |
| | B) | is good for employees but excessively costly for the companies. |
| | C) | does not provide enough benefit to employees to justify the cost to the companies. |
| | D) | works better for large industrial companies than for small businesses. |
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| 13 | |
________________ psychologists study the effects of the environment on behavior and mental processes, and the effects of human behavior on the environment. |
| | A) | Architectural design |
| | B) | Environmental |
| | C) | Health |
| | D) | Human factors |
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| 14 | |
Research by Stuart Oskamp states that overpopulation, resource depletion, and pollution and climate change are likely to result in |
| | A) | a major overhaul of our government to ensure that the situation is reversed before we end up killing ourselves. |
| | B) | increased hostility between countries and wars aimed at acquiring the resources of other nations. |
| | C) | citizens leading a revolution to insist that governments worldwide make every effort humanly possible to begin protecting our environment. |
| | D) | the earth being unable to sustain human life at some point in the future. |
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| 15 | |
Burning oil and coal creates pollutants that reach the upper atmosphere. These pollutants allow heat from the sun to enter while preventing trapped heat from the earth to escape. This creates what scientists call ___________, which is causing massive climate change around the world. |
| | A) | global warming |
| | B) | the greenhouse effect |
| | C) | environmental suicide |
| | D) | the climacteric |
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| 16 | |
Hillary, an environmental psychologist, uses the behavioral approach in her attempts to protect the environment. She would be most likely to |
| | A) | use the experimental approach to solve real-world problems. |
| | B) | work toward changing people's beliefs and attitudes about sustainability. |
| | C) | appeal to people's higher motives concerning the importance of protecting the environment. |
| | D) | make decisions about the environment that will satisfy people's current self interests while trying to convince them to think more conservatively about the future. |
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| 17 | |
Dr. Berger believes that any attempt to change environmentally relevant behavior requires that people's beliefs and attitudes about sustainability must be changed and they must begin to act on their "higher motives." Dr. Berger expresses which approaches to environmental protection? |
| | A) | psychodynamic and humanistic |
| | B) | behavioral and cognitive |
| | C) | cognitive and humanistic |
| | D) | sociocultural and health |
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| 18 | |
Based on psychological research, which of these statements would be most accurate? |
| | A) | Physically attractive defendants are less likely to be convicted than unattractive defendants, especially when attractiveness played a role in the crime. |
| | B) | Physically attractive defendants are more likely to be convicted than unattractive defendants. |
| | C) | As prejudice in the United States has declined, the likelihood that defendants will receive equal protection under the law has increased. |
| | D) | In first-degree murder cases, blue-collar workers are more likely to be sentenced to death than white-collar workers are. |
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| 19 | |
Which of the following is the most important factor in determining conviction or acquittal of a defendant? |
| | A) | the way the evidence is presented |
| | B) | the strength and validity of the evidence |
| | C) | characteristics of jurors |
| | D) | characteristics of the defendant |
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| 20 | |
Officer Rand is interrogating a suspect in a burglary. Which behavior would be the most reliable indication that the suspect is NOT telling the truth? |
| | A) | the suspect sweats a lot |
| | B) | the suspect blinks very little |
| | C) | the suspect does not make eye contact with the interrogator |
| | D) | the suspect fidgets nervously |
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| 21 | |
Ms. Juarez believes that children should be guided in their learning rather than being left to discover new ideas on their own. She also believes that new information should be presented to them in small amounts that are easily understood, and that children should be given frequent positive reinforcement for accurate performance and gentle correction for inaccurate performance. Ms. Juarez follows which approach to education? |
| | A) | mastery learning |
| | B) | whole education |
| | C) | indirect instruction |
| | D) | direct instruction |
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| 22 | |
Which approach to education insists that children should never progress from one learning task to another until they have fully learned the first task? |
| | A) | mastery learning |
| | B) | direct instruction |
| | C) | whole education |
| | D) | learning styles |
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| 23 | |
Mrs. Anderson is the principal of an elementary school. She wants to ensure that each child in her school can meet the minimum standards for specific educational objectives. She is most likely to use which type of testing to determine whether this goal is being achieved? |
| | A) | achievement |
| | B) | mastery |
| | C) | criterion-referenced |
| | D) | intelligence |
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| 24 | |
Danny is moderately retarded and falls in the category of "special needs" children. Public Law 94-142 requires that, whenever possible, children like Danny should be |
| | A) | given special assistance for as large a part of the school day as possible and mainstreamed into the regular classroom for only one or two hours each day. |
| | B) | mainstreamed into the regular classroom for as large a part of the school day as possible and removed for special assistance only when necessary. |
| | C) | given private tutorial assistance for most of the school week, and mainstreamed only for certain classes such as art and music. |
| | D) | placed in separate schools so they can learn at their own rate without slowing down the education of their non-disadvantaged age peers. |
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