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| 1 | |
Consciousness is |
| | A) | a state of awareness. |
| | B) | knowing what's going on around you. |
| | C) | a sense of what's right and wrong. |
| | D) | a single state. |
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| 2 | |
Sigmund Freud believed that daydreams |
| | A) | are psychologically unhealthy. |
| | B) | create tension. |
| | C) | reduce the tension left by unfulfilled needs and wishes. |
| | D) | are filled with regret, sorrow, and guilt. |
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| 3 | |
Recent research on divided consciousness suggests that talking on a cell phone while driving is |
| | A) | no more dangerous than listening to the radio while driving. |
| | B) | less dangerous than talking to a passenger in the car while driving. |
| | C) | significantly less distracting with a hands-free phone than with a hand-held phone. |
| | D) | dangerous to you and to other drivers. |
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| 4 | |
Selena is in a transitional state between wakefulness and dreaming. As she loses voluntary control over her body movements, her sensitivity to outside stimuli diminishes and her thoughts are less bound by reality. Selena is |
| | A) | in a hypnotic state. |
| | B) | in a hypnagogic state. |
| | C) | daydreaming. |
| | D) | in REM sleep. |
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| 5 | |
Daniel is in the phase of sleep called REM sleep. We can therefore assume that Daniel is likely to |
| | A) | be dreaming. |
| | B) | be in such a deep stage of sleep that it would be hard to awaken him. |
| | C) | have more voluntary control over his large body muscles than in other stages of sleep. |
| | D) | experience fleeting dreams with fragmentary impressions. |
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| 6 | |
Carl is a sophomore in college. If he is typical of other college sophomores, we would expect Carl to spend how many hours per night dreaming? |
| | A) | 0–2 |
| | B) | 2–3 |
| | C) | 3–4 |
| | D) | 4–5 |
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| 7 | |
Humans, for the most part, function on a biological cycle of approximately 24 hours. This cycle, which regulates our pattern of sleep as well as other body functions, is called our |
| | A) | circadian rhythms. |
| | B) | biorhythms. |
| | C) | biological clock. |
| | D) | bodily rhythms. |
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| 8 | |
Sleep deprivation has been associated with |
| | A) | weight loss. |
| | B) | an increase in the risk of accidents. |
| | C) | increased immune function. |
| | D) | increased night vision. |
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| 9 | |
Which period of sleep is especially important for the consolidation of newly learned information? |
| | A) | non-REM |
| | B) | REM |
| | C) | hypnagogic |
| | D) | stage 1 |
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| 10 | |
Research concerning the content of dreams suggests that |
| | A) | we are more likely to remember the positive emotions in our dreams than the negative emotions. |
| | B) | dreams are more often viewed in black-and-white than in color. |
| | C) | most dreams contain positive emotions. |
| | D) | most dreams contain negative emotions. |
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| 11 | |
Freud referred to dreams as |
| | A) | meaningless neuronal firings. |
| | B) | the royal road to the unconscious. |
| | C) | hypnotic trances. |
| | D) | nonsense. |
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| 12 | |
The visual description from her dream that Marni relates to her therapist of a snake attacking her cat represents which level of dream content? |
| | A) | manifest |
| | B) | latent |
| | C) | superficial |
| | D) | interpretive |
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| 13 | |
Although she gets an adequate amount of sleep, Elena often unexpectedly falls into a deep slumber when talking with clients in her office, especially when she is upset. Elena most likely suffers from |
| | A) | sleep apnea. |
| | B) | epilepsy. |
| | C) | narcolepsy. |
| | D) | insomnia. |
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| 14 | |
Rami is sitting in a relaxed position. He is breathing deeply, slowly, and rhythmically with his attention directed only at the breathing movements of his diaphragm. All of his other thoughts and feelings are gently blocked from consciousness. Rami is engaged in |
| | A) | deep sleep. |
| | B) | self-hypnosis. |
| | C) | depersonalization. |
| | D) | meditation. |
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| 15 | |
Focusing one's conscious awareness completely on what is presently happening is known as |
| | A) | transcendence. |
| | B) | depersonalization. |
| | C) | mindfulness. |
| | D) | awareness. |
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| 16 | |
Brandon has the sense that his body has become distorted and unreal. His surroundings also seem strangely distorted. This sensation, which is relatively common among young adults, is referred to as |
| | A) | awareness. |
| | B) | self-hypnosis. |
| | C) | mindfulness. |
| | D) | depersonalization. |
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| 17 | |
Psychotropic drugs |
| | A) | alter conscious experience. |
| | B) | heighten creativity. |
| | C) | are primarily used for research purposes. |
| | D) | are primarily used to treat physical illnesses. |
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| 18 | |
Which of the following is a psychological risk associated with the use of amphetamines? |
| | A) | heart attack |
| | B) | stroke |
| | C) | psychosis |
| | D) | suicide |
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| 19 | |
The term "drug abuse" rather than "drug dependence" typically refers to a situation in which the |
| | A) | drug's use creates an intense craving and results in intense withdrawal symptoms when it is not taken. |
| | B) | drug's use causes physical or psychological harm to the individual. |
| | C) | use of a drug sensitizes the pleasure and reward systems in the brain. |
| | D) | drug's use results in reduction of negative feelings. |
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| 20 | |
Which legal drug leads to the death of nearly half a million people every year in the United States? |
| | A) | nicotine |
| | B) | alcohol |
| | C) | caffeine |
| | D) | prescription drugs |
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