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| 1 | |
Defenses that are present at birth and function largely the same regardless of the identity of the invader are referred to as _______________, while defenses that develop only after an encounter with a specific foreign substance are referred to as _____________. |
| | A) | innate immunity; acquired immunity |
| | B) | acquired immunity; autoimmunity |
| | C) | autoimmunity; innate immunity |
| | D) | innate immunity; autoimmunity |
| | E) | acquired immunity; innate immunity |
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| 2 | |
Which one of the following leukocytes functions as a phagocytic cell? |
| | A) | Eosinophil |
| | B) | Monocyte |
| | C) | Basophil |
| | D) | Mast cell |
| | E) | Neutrophil |
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| 3 | |
Which of the following statements about the specific immune response is incorrect? |
| | A) | Helper T cells do not directly kill an infected, mutated, or transplanted cell. |
| | B) | A foreign molecule that induces an immune response is referred to as an antigen. |
| | C) | The ability to adapt immune activity to a specific invader is found exclusively in vertebrates. |
| | D) | Specific immune responses are due primarily to the action of lymphocytes. |
| | E) | All of the statements about the specific immune response are correct. |
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| 4 | |
Which of the following lymphocytes would most likely be involved in an immune response to cancer? |
| | A) | B cells |
| | B) | Plasma cells |
| | C) | Helper T cells |
| | D) | Cytotoxic T cells |
| | E) | Natural Killer Cells |
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| 5 | |
True or False: Humoral immunity utilizes cells that directly encounter and destroy infected body cells and cell mediated immunity utilizes plasma cells to secrete antibodies. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 6 | |
Which of the following cell types would be least likely to participate in an inflammatory response? |
| | A) | Mast cells |
| | B) | Neutrophils |
| | C) | Macrophages |
| | D) | Natural killer cells |
| | E) | Dendritic cells |
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| 7 | |
True or False: The release of inflammatory mediators like nitric oxide by phagocytic cells to recruit additional phagocytic cells is an example of positive feedback. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 8 | |
An animal is infected with a type of virus consisting of a nucleic acid genome surrounded by a simple protein coat. Which of the following cell types or molecules would be least likely to participate in the removal of the virus? |
| | A) | Neutrophils |
| | B) | Antibodies |
| | C) | Interferons |
| | D) | T cells |
| | E) | Complement |
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| 9 | |
The production of antibodies that bind to antigens is most accurately referred to as |
| | A) | nonspecific immunity. |
| | B) | cell-mediated immunity. |
| | C) | autoimmunity. |
| | D) | humoral immunity. |
| | E) | cytotoxic immunity. |
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| 10 | |
B cell receptors differ from plasma cell secreted antibodies by which of the following? |
| | A) | Heavy chain domain |
| | B) | Light chain domain |
| | C) | Hinge region |
| | D) | Transmembrane domain |
| | E) | Antigen Binding sites |
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| 11 | |
True or False: Lymphocyte recirculation increases the likelihood that a given lymphocyte will encounter an antigen it is programmed to recognize. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 12 | |
The process of a lymphocyte binding to an antigen, dividing, and producing progeny which can also recognize that antigen is most accurately referred to as |
| | A) | mitotic immunity. |
| | B) | clonal selection. |
| | C) | immune amplification. |
| | D) | antigen presentation. |
| | E) | histocompatibility. |
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| 13 | |
The first immunoglobulin involved in an immune response against an upper respiratory infection would most likely be |
| | A) | IgM. |
| | B) | IgA. |
| | C) | IgG. |
| | D) | IgD. |
| | E) | IgE. |
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| 14 | |
Which of the following statements about immunoglobulins is incorrect? |
| | A) | All vertebrates have IgM molecules, but other immunoglobulin types are found in some vertebrates but not others. |
| | B) | The antigen-binding region of an immunoglobulin molecule is comprised of regions of light chains as well has heavy chains. |
| | C) | Variation in immunoglobulin specificity is a result of recombination and hypermutation. |
| | D) | Invertebrates lack immunoglobulins, but have proteins with regions called Ig domains that are similar to domains of immunoglobulins. |
| | E) | All of the statements about immunoglobulins are correct. |
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| 15 | |
The human genome contains _______ genes which code for immunoglobulins; the human body produces immunoglobulin molecules with _____________ different antigen specificities. |
| | A) | ~200; ~200 |
| | B) | ~200; millions of |
| | C) | thousands of; millions of |
| | D) | millions of; thousands of |
| | E) | millions of; ~200 |
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| 16 | |
The physical linkage of antibodies to an antigen and phagocyte is most accurately described as |
| | A) | a humoral response. |
| | B) | a specific immune response. |
| | C) | inflammation. |
| | D) | opsonization. |
| | E) | phagocytosis. |
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| 17 | |
Which of the following cell types can function as an antigen-presenting cell for a helper T cell? |
| | A) | Dendritic cells |
| | B) | Macrophages |
| | C) | B cells |
| | D) | Dendritic cells and B cells |
| | E) | Dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells |
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| 18 | |
Which of the following cell types would be least likely to induce activation of a cytotoxic T cell? |
| | A) | Liver cells |
| | B) | Tracheal epithelial cells |
| | C) | Red blood cells |
| | D) | Skeletal muscle cells |
| | E) | Pancreatic cells |
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| 19 | |
Which of the following statements about antibodies is correct? |
| | A) | Some B cells become memory cells during a response to an antigen instead of differentiating into plasma cells. |
| | B) | Secreted antibodies bind to surface antigens on bacterial cells and directly cause the destruction of the invading cell. |
| | C) | Antibodies directed against viral proteins cannot prevent viruses from attaching to their host cells. |
| | D) | When an antibody links a microbe to a phagocytic cell for recognition and removal, this process is referred to as adherence. |
| | E) | All of the statements about antibodies are correct. |
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| 20 | |
True or False: A secondary humoral immune response is more rapid, stronger, and longer lasting than a primary humoral immune response. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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