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| 1 | |
Which of the following emotions is not generally seen in very young infants? |
| | A) | surprise |
| | B) | interest |
| | C) | shame |
| | D) | fear |
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| 2 | |
What type of cry is characterized by a rhythmic pattern of a cry, brief silence, short whistle, and a brief rest before the next cry? |
| | A) | basic cry |
| | B) | anger cry |
| | C) | pain cry |
| | D) | boredom cry |
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| 3 | |
Baby Joshua lets out a long initial cry followed by an extended period of breath holding. This pattern can best be described as a(n): |
| | A) | anger cry. |
| | B) | basic cry. |
| | C) | pain cry. |
| | D) | negative affectivity. |
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| 4 | |
For the average infant, social smiles appear as early as __________ in response to a caregiver's voice. |
| | A) | 2 days |
| | B) | 4 weeks |
| | C) | 4 months |
| | D) | 10 months |
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| 5 | |
What are the three basic types of infant temperament? |
| | A) | secure, insecure, and disorganized |
| | B) | positive, negative, and indifferent |
| | C) | angry, basic, and happy |
| | D) | easy, difficult, and slow-to-warm-up |
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| 6 | |
Baby Elizabeth has a low activity level, is somewhat negative, and displays a low intensity of mood. She would best be described as: |
| | A) | slow-to-warm-up. |
| | B) | easy. |
| | C) | difficult. |
| | D) | sociable. |
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| 7 | |
__________ refers to the match between a child's temperament and the environmental demands the child must cope with. |
| | A) | Stranger anxiety |
| | B) | Emotional regulation |
| | C) | Goodness of fit |
| | D) | Attachment |
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| 8 | |
Which of Erikson's stages emphasizes the development of independence during the second year of life? |
| | A) | trust versus mistrust |
| | B) | autonomy versus shame and doubt |
| | C) | initiative versus guilt |
| | D) | independence versus dependence |
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| 9 | |
Freud theorized that infants become attached to the person that provides: |
| | A) | comfort. |
| | B) | basic trust. |
| | C) | love. |
| | D) | oral satisfaction. |
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| 10 | |
According to Bowlby, in which phase do infants develop specific attachments? |
| | A) | phase 1 |
| | B) | phase 2 |
| | C) | phase 3 |
| | D) | phase 4 |
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| 11 | |
Mai uses her mother as a secure base from which to explore her environment. Which type of baby would she be classified as? |
| | A) | insecure avoidant |
| | B) | securely attached |
| | C) | insecure resistant |
| | D) | disorganized |
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| 12 | |
Which caregiving style is related to the insecure resistant style of attachment in infants? |
| | A) | sensitivity to baby's needs and consistently available to meet them |
| | B) | unavailable or rejecting |
| | C) | inconsistently available and usually not affectionate |
| | D) | neglectful or physically abusive |
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| 13 | |
The principle of reciprocal socialization suggests that: |
| | A) | parents and children both socialize each other. |
| | B) | parents are responsible for initiating the attachment process with their children. |
| | C) | children are responsible for actively eliciting attachment from their parents. |
| | D) | attachment is a natural, biological process that evolves without effort from parents or children. |
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| 14 | |
__________ is parental behavior that supports children's efforts, allowing them to be more skillful than they would be if they were to rely solely on their own abilities. |
| | A) | Reciprocal socialization |
| | B) | Attachment |
| | C) | Restructuring |
| | D) | Scaffolding |
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| 15 | |
Which of the following countries has the most extensive family leave policy for new parents? |
| | A) | the United States |
| | B) | Australia |
| | C) | Sweden |
| | D) | China |
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| 16 | |
Regarding gender differences in parental caregiving, which of the following statements is true? |
| | A) | Paternal interactions are more likely to involve discipline and less likely to include play. |
| | B) | Mothers engage in more rough-and-tumble play with their infants than do fathers. |
| | C) | Infants consistently demonstrate a preference for the mother regardless of the availability of the father. |
| | D) | Maternal interactions usually center on child care activities such as feeding, changing diapers, and bathing. |
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| 17 | |
The National Longitudinal Study of Child Care conducted in 1991 revealed that: |
| | A) | by 4 months of age, most infants have entered some form of nonmaternal child care. |
| | B) | the vast majority of child care in the first three years of life was rated "high quality." |
| | C) | infants from low-income families were no more likely to receive low-quality child care than their high-income counterparts. |
| | D) | quality of care is primarily dependent upon the established child–adult ratio. |
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| 18 | |
Which of Erikson's stages of personality development emphasizes the need for an infant's environment to be consistently nurturant? |
| | A) | trust versus mistrust |
| | B) | autonomy versus shame and doubt |
| | C) | initiative versus guilt |
| | D) | independence versus dependence |
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| 19 | |
The mirror technique was devised as a means of assessing an infant's: |
| | A) | social scaffolding. |
| | B) | level of trust. |
| | C) | self-recognition. |
| | D) | awareness of reciprocal socialization. |
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