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| 1 | |
Which is the correct statement about self-esteem? |
| | A) | Children with high self-esteem have greater initiative. |
| | B) | High self-esteem children don't engage in antisocial actions. |
| | C) | Self-esteem research is experimental in methodology. |
| | D) | There are high correlations between school performance and self-esteem. |
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| 2 | |
Erikson's stage describing socioemotional development for people in middle and late childhood is called: |
| | A) | integrity versus despair. |
| | B) | initiative versus guilt. |
| | C) | industry versus inferiority. |
| | D) | identity versus identity confusion. |
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| 3 | |
Which of the following is an important developmental change in emotions during the elementary school years? |
| | A) | decreased ability to understand complex emotions |
| | B) | small improvements in the ability to suppress negative emotions |
| | C) | increased tendency to take into fuller account the events leading to emotional reactions |
| | D) | unable to redirect feelings. |
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| 4 | |
When 8-year-old Jenny states, "I know I will be able to read that book as long as I practice reading every night," she is demonstrating: |
| | A) | self-efficacy. |
| | B) | self-esteem. |
| | C) | self-regulation. |
| | D) | self-concept. |
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| 5 | |
_________ is the ability to manage one's behavior, emotions, and thoughts that lead to increased social competence and achievement. |
| | A) | Self-control |
| | B) | Self-concept |
| | C) | Self-regulation |
| | D) | Self-restriction |
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| 6 | |
Which of Kohlberg's levels of moral development involves full internalization of moral values? |
| | A) | preconventional |
| | B) | postconventional |
| | C) | conventional |
| | D) | heteronomous |
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| 7 | |
According to Kohlberg, in the __________ stage, moral thinking is tied to punishment. |
| | A) | individualism, instrumental purpose, and exchange |
| | B) | social systems morality |
| | C) | universal ethical principles |
| | D) | heteronomous morality |
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| 8 | |
Carol Gilligan's central criticism of Kohlberg's theory of moral development is that: |
| | A) | he inadequately considers the care perspective. |
| | B) | he overemphasizes the role of cognition. |
| | C) | he underemphasizes the role of behavior. |
| | D) | he underestimates the role of culture and family. |
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| 9 | |
The belief that young girls should be "sugar and spice and everything nice" is a: |
| | A) | gender dichotomy. |
| | B) | cognitive distortion. |
| | C) | contextual distinction. |
| | D) | gender stereotype. |
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| 10 | |
Recent studies suggest that societal changes are leading females to be more: |
| | A) | masculine. |
| | B) | nurturing. |
| | C) | assertive. |
| | D) | feminine. |
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| 11 | |
According to your textbook, which of these statements regarding gender roles is true? |
| | A) | Researchers have found that high-masculinity adolescent boys never engage in problem behaviors. |
| | B) | Pollack suggests that boys actually benefit from bottling up their feelings. |
| | C) | Bem argues that androgynous individuals are more competent. |
| | D) | Masculine and androgynous orientations might be less desirable in traditional academic and work settings because of the achievement demands in these contexts. |
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| 12 | |
When examining children's peer status, we find that __________ children are frequently nominated both as someone's best friend and as being disliked. |
| | A) | popular |
| | B) | neglected |
| | C) | rejected |
| | D) | controversial |
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| 13 | |
Social ________ involves thoughts about social matters. |
| | A) | cognition |
| | B) | construction |
| | C) | regulation |
| | D) | autonomy |
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| 14 | |
Jacob finds his relationship with Akira exciting and amusing. Which function of friendship does their relationship fulfill? |
| | A) | companionship |
| | B) | stimulation |
| | C) | ego support |
| | D) | social comparison |
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| 15 | |
Which of the following is not a special problem faced by schools in low-income neighborhoods? |
| | A) | higher percentages of children in poverty |
| | B) | fewer resources |
| | C) | more experienced teachers who have become bored |
| | D) | more encouragement of rote learning over thinking skills |
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| 16 | |
To improve relations between ethnically diverse students, Eliot Aronson suggested: |
| | A) | using cooperative techniques of a jigsaw classroom. |
| | B) | encouraging students to have positive personal contact with other diverse students. |
| | C) | encouraging students to engage in perspective-taking. |
| | D) | helping students think critically when cultural issues are involved. |
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| 17 | |
The __________ approach is a learner-centered approach that emphasizes the importance of individuals actively constructing their knowledge and understanding with guidance from the teacher. |
| | A) | self-regulation |
| | B) | industry |
| | C) | constructivist |
| | D) | direct instruction |
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| 18 | |
One of the key criticisms of the constructivist approach to teaching and learning is that it: |
| | A) | does not give enough attention to the content of a discipline. |
| | B) | fails to challenge students to think in critical and creative ways. |
| | C) | sets high teacher expectations for student progress. |
| | D) | fails to keep negative student affect to a minimum. |
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| 19 | |
In a __________ mind-set, children believe that their qualities can change and improve through effort. |
| | A) | progressive |
| | B) | growth |
| | C) | fixed |
| | D) | variable |
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| 20 | |
Pat is described as assertive, nurturing, powerful, and sensitive. Pat's gender role classification would best be described as: |
| | A) | androgynous. |
| | B) | masculine. |
| | C) | feminine. |
| | D) | balanced. |
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