Web Resources
The Mind-Body Problem
Artificial Intelligence
Turing Test
The Problem of Other Minds
The Problem of Consciousness
Cartesian Dualism
Logical Behaviorismn
Identity Theory
Functionalism
Eliminative Materialism
Property Dualism
Rene Descartes
David Hume
Gilbert Ryle
Daniel Dennett
Alan Turing
John Searle
Patricia and Paul Churchland
David_Chalmers

Web Resources

Philosophy of Mind
(http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_mind)
Wikipedia article

Dictionary of Philosophy of Mind
(http://philosophy.uwaterloo.ca/MindDict/)
Online dictionary providing definitions of numerous topics in the philosophy of mind; edited by Chris Eliasmith (Washington University in St. Louis)

Field Guide to the Philosophy of Mind
(http://host.uniroma3.it/progetti/kant/field/index.html)
Links and in-depth articles relating to the philosophy of mind

The University of Arizona Center for Consciousness Studies
(http://www.consciousness.arizona.edu/)
Useful site with overview of the problem of consciousness, online courses, links to online papers, etc.

Online Papers on Consciousness
(http://www.u.arizona.edu/~chalmers/online.html)
Online Papers on Consciousness Listing of online philosophy of mind articles categorized by David Chalmers (University of Arizona)

The Mind-Body Problem

The Mind-Body Problem
(http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_mind-body_problem)
Wikipedia article

Mind-body problem
(http://philosophy.uwaterloo.ca/MindDict/mindbody.html)
Dictionary of Philosophy of Mind definition and brief discussion

The mind-body problem
(http://www.human-nature.com/rmyoung/papers/pap102h.html)
Article by Robert M. Young from the Companion to the History of Science, 1990

What is the mind-body problem
(http://home.sprynet.com/~owl1/mind.htm)
Discussion by Mike Huemer (University of Colorado)

The Singularity

Technological Singularity
http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/faculty/vinge/misc/WER2.html
Vernor Vinge's article that introduced the concept of the singularity.

How Long Before Superintelligence?
http://www.nickbostrom.com/superintelligence.html
Article by Nick Bostrom on the coming of intelligent machines.

Artificial Intelligence

Artificial_Intelligence
(http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence)
Wikipedia article

MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
(http://www.csail.mit.edu/index.php)
MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory

American Association for Artificial Intelligence (AAAI)
(http://www.aaai.org/)
American Association of Artificial Intelligence

KurzweilAI.net
(http://www.kurzweilai.net/)
Ray Kurzweil's site dedicated to exploring new technologies such as artificial intelligence and nanotechnology

The Turing Test

Loebner Prize Home Page
(http://www.loebner.net/Prizef/loebner-prize.html)
Home of the first actual Turing test

A Wager on the Turing Test: Why I Think I Will Win
(http://www.kurzweilai.net/articles/art0374.html?printable=1)
Ray Kurzweil's rationale for betting Mitch Kapor $10,000 that a computer will pass the Turing test by 2029

Why I Think I Will Win
(http://www.kurzweilai.net/articles/art0412.html?printable=1)
Mitch Kapor's rationale for accepting Kurzweil's bet

A.L.I.C.E.
(http://www.pandorabots.com/pandora/talk?botid=f5d922d97e345aa1)
Talk to A.L.I.C.E., the "chatterbot" that won the 2000 and 2001 Loebner Prize competitions

The Simon Laven Page
(http://www.simonlaven.com/)
Site with links to many "chatterbots;" programs that can converse in natural languages

The Turing Test
(http://www.turing.org.uk/turing/scrapbook/test.html)
A discussion of the Turing test from the Alan Turing Internet Scrapbook

The Turing Test is not a trick
(http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Harnad/harnad92.turing.html)
Article by Steven Harnad (Princeton University) defending the Turing Test

Why the Turing Test is AI's Biggest Blind Alley
(http://www.cogs.susx.ac.uk/users/blayw/tt.html)
Article by Blay Whitby (University of Sussex) critiquing the Turing test

The Problem of Other Minds

Solipsism and the Problem of Other Minds
(http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/s/solipsis.htm)
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy article

The Problem of Other Minds
(http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_problem_of_other_minds)
Wikipedia article

Other Bodies, Other Minds: A Machine Incarnation of an Old Philosophical Problem
(http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Harnad/harnad91.otherminds.html)
Article by Steve Harnad (Princeton University) in which he proposes a "Total Turing Test" to detect the presence of other minds

The Problem of Consciousness

Consciousness and Intentionality
(http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/consciousness-intentionality/)
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy article

Representational theories of consciousness
(http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/consciousness-representational/)
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy article

Facing up to the Problem of Consciousness
(http://www.imprint.co.uk/chalmers.html)
Article by David Chalmers (University of Arizona)

Facing Backwards to the Problem of Consciousness
(http://www.imprint.co.uk/online/HP_dennett.html)
Article by Daniel Dennett (Tufts University) critiquing Chalmers

The Hard Problem is Dead: Long Live the Hard Problem
(http://www.california.com/~mcmf/hardproblem.html)
Article by Teed Rockwell (University of California, Hayward) comparing Chalmer's and Dennett's approach to consciousness

Qualia
(http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/qualia/)
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy article

Qualia
(http://www.philosophypages.com/dy/q.htm#qualia)
Definition and suggested links by Garth Kemerling

Cartesian Dualism

Dualism
(http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05169a.htm)
Catholic Encyclopedia article

Mind-body dualism
(http://www.philosophypages.com/dy/d9.htm#dual)
Definition and suggested links by Garth Kemerling

René Descartes and the legacy of mind/body dualism
(http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/Mind/Descartes.html)
Discussion of the history of the mind-body problem by Robert H. Wozniak (Bryn Mawr College)

Epiphenomenalism
(http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/epiphenomenalism/)
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy article

Epiphenomenalism
(http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiphenomenalism)
Wikipedia article

Epiphenomenalism
(http://www.philosophypages.com/dy/e5.htm#epiph)
Definition and suggested links by Garth Kemerling

New Defenses of Substance Dualism
(http://www.newdualism.org/online-articles.htm)
Links to articles defending substance dualism.

Logical Behaviorism

Behaviorism
(http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/b/behavior.htm)
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy article

Behaviorism
(http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/behaviorism/)
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy article

Behaviorism
(http://web.mit.edu/abyrne/www/behaviourism.html)
Article by Alex Byrne

Behaviourism
(http://www.philosophypages.com/dy/b2.htm#behav)
Definition and suggested links by Garth Kemerling

Identity Theory

Identity theory
(http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/i/identity.htm)
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy article

The Identity Theory of Mind
(http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mind-identity/)
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy article

Identity Theories
(http://host.uniroma3.it/progetti/kant/field/mbit.htm)
Field guide to the Philosophy of Mind article

Identity theory of mind
(http://www.philosophypages.com/dy/i.htm#idth)
Definition and suggested links by Garth Kemerling

Functionalism

Functionalism
(http://www.philosophypages.com/dy/f9.htm#func)
Definition and suggested links by Garth Kemerling

Synesthesia in the Media
http://astrid.9cy.com/synaesthesia/media.html
Links to articles dealing with synesthesia.

The Synesthetic Experience
(http://web.mit.edu/synesthesia/www/)
Factual information, individual anecdotes, and interactive activities which simulate synesthesia.

Evidence against functionalism from neuroimaging of the alien colour effect in synaesthesia
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=retrieve&dopt=abstract&list_uids=16683506
Abstract of a study on Synaesthesia that lays out the case against functionalism.

Chatbots on the Internet
http://simonlaven.com/
Links to many different chatbots on the internet.

Eliminative Materialism

Eliminativism
(http://www.philosophypages.com/dy/e.htm#elim)
Definition and suggested links by Garth Kemerling

A Particularly Compelling Refutation of Eliminative Materialism
(http://www.unc.edu/~ujanel/ElimWeb.htm)
Article by William G. Lycan (University of North Carolina)

Property Dualism

Emergent Properties
(http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/properties-emergent/)
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy article

Why I am Not a Property Dualist
(http://www.imprint.co.uk/pdf/searle-final.pdf)
Searle explains his rejection of property dualism (Adobe file)

Three Versions of the Problem of Mental Causation
(http://www.uni-bielefeld.de/philosophie/personen/beckermann/MentCaus_O.pdf)
Outline by Ansgar Beckerman on the problem posed by mental causation (Adobe file)

A Defense of Emergent Downward Causation
(http://www.california.com/~mcmf/causeweb.html)
Article by Teed Rockwell (University of California, Hayward) defending downward causation

Physicalism, Emergence and Downward Causation
(http://www.lehigh.edu/~mhb0/physicalemergence.pdf)
Article by Richard J. Campbell and Mark Bickhard (Lehigh University) responding to criticisms of downward causation (Adobe document)

Levels, Emergence, and Three Versions of Downward Causation
(http://www.nbi.dk/~emmeche/coPubl/2000d.le3DC.v4b.html)
Article by Claus Emmeche, Simo Køppe and Frederik Stjernfelt (Copenhagen) articulating three different ways of understanding downward causation

Emergentism

Emergent Properties
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/properties-emergent/
Article on emergent properties from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

Mental Causation
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mental-causation/
Article on mental causation from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

Emergentism
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergentism
Wikipedia article on emergentism.

Varieties of Emergentism
http://www.brynmawr.edu/biology/emergence/stephan.pdf
Article on various types of emergentism by Achim Stephan.

Downward Causation

Physicalism, Emergence, and Downward Causation
http://www.lehigh.edu/~mhb0/physicalemergence.pdf
Article on emergence by Richard Campbell and Mark Bickhard.

Rene Descartes

René Descartes
(http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/d/descarte.htm)
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy article

René Descartes Life and Works
(http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes-works/)
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy article

René Descartes
(http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rene_Descartes)
Wikipedia article

History of Philosophy: Descartes
(http://www.class.uidaho.edu/mickelsen/texts/Weber%20-%20History/Descartes.htm)
Discussion of Descartes' life and thought by Alfred Weber (University of Strasburg)

René Descartes : Life and Works
(http://www.philosophypages.com/ph/desc.htm)
Discussion of life and thought by Garth Kemerling

René Descartes and the Meditations on First Philosophy
(http://www.friesian.com/hist-2.htm#descartes)
Detailed discussion of Descartes' Meditations by Kelley Ross (Friesian School Proceedings)

Descartes Links
(http://www.epistemelinks.com/Main/Philosophers.aspx?PhilCode=Desc)
EpistemeLink link collection For more information on Descartes' epistemology see the links for Chapter 2.1.

David Hume

David Hume
(http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/hume/)
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy article

David Hume
(http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Hume)
Wikipedia article

David Hume: Life and Works
(http://www.philosophypages.com/ph/hume.htm)
Discussion of life and thought by Garth Kemerling

History of Philosophy: David Hume
(http://www.class.uidaho.edu/mickelsen/texts/Weber%20-%20History/hume.htm)
Discussion of Hume's life and thought by Alfred Weber (University of Strasburg)

Hume links
(http://www.epistemelinks.com/Main/Philosophers.aspx?PhilCode=Hume)
EpistemeLink link collection

Daniel Dennett

Daniel C. Dennett
(http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/bios/dennett.html)
Brief overview and video (The Third Edge)

Daniel C. Dennett
(http://ase.tufts.edu/cogstud/incbios/dennettd/dennettd.htm)
Homepage of Daniel Dennett (Tufts University)

The Origin of Selves
(http://ase.tufts.edu/cogstud/papers/originss.htm)
Article by Dennett (Tufts University)

Where Am I?
(http://departments.oxy.edu/cogsci/courses/2000/cs101/etexts/where-am-i.html)
Excerpt from Dennett's Brainstorms, 1978)

Get Real
(http://ase.tufts.edu/cogstud/papers/getreal.htm)
Dennett's replies to his critics

Dennett, Daniel C.
(http://www.philosophypages.com/dy/d2.htm#denn)
Brief biography by Garth Kemerling

Alan Turing

Alan M. Turing
(http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/turing/)
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy article

Alan Turing
(http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Turing)
Wikipedia article

Turing, Alan
(http://www.philosophypages.com/dy/t9.htm#turi)
Brief biography by Garth Kemerling

Alan Mathison Turing Biography
(http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Turing.html)
Biography by J. J. O'Connor and E. F. F Robertson (University of St. Andrews)

The Alan Turing Home Page
(http://www.turing.org.uk/turing/)
Biography and collection of links Maintained by Andrew Hodges, author of Alan Turing: The Enigma

Turing links
(http://www.epistemelinks.com/Main/Philosophers.aspx?PhilCode=Turi)
EpistemeLink link collection

John Searle

Conversations with History
(http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/people/Searle/searle-con0.html)
Interview with video of John Searle by Harry Kreisler of the Institute of International Studies, UC Berkeley

Searle Central
(http://hiwaay.net/~wfgodot/cogsci/SearleCentral.html)
Writings by and about Searle.

Review of Searle
(http://ase.tufts.edu/cogstud/papers/searle.htm)
Review of Searle's The Rediscovery of the Mind by Daniel Dennett (Tufts University)

Searle's "Is the Brain a Digital Computer?"
(http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Py104/searle.comp.html)
Article offering Searle's overview of his account of the mind

Searle, John
(http://www.philosophypages.com/dy/s4.htm#sear)
Brief biography by Garth Kemerling

Patricia and Paul Churchland

Can Neurobiology Teach us Anything about Consciousness?
(http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Py104/church.neuro.html)
Article by Patricia Churchland

The Neurophysiology of Paul and Patricia Churchland
(http://www.phil.mq.edu.au/staff/jsutton/Churchlands.htm)
Lecture notes by John Sutton (Macquarie University); also includes link to Sutton's review of the Churchlands' On the Contrary

David Chalmers

David Chalmers, Ph.D.
(http://www.kurzweilai.net/bios/frame.html?main=/bios/bio0190.html?)
Brief biography of Chalmers from KurzweilAI.net

Facing Up to the Problem of Consciousness
(http://click.hotbot.com/director.asp?id=6&query=david+chalmers&rsource=INK&target=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Ezynet%2Eco%2Euk%2Fimprint%2Fchalmers%2Ehtml)
Article on consciousness by Chalmers