Environmental Science, 11th Edition (Cunningham)

Chapter 8: Environmental Health and Toxicology

Practice Quiz

1
By 2020 all of the following will have moved into the top three leading causes of disease burden worldwide EXCEPT
A)heart disease.
B)traffic accidents.
C)pneumonia.
D)depression.
2
Pathogens
A)include all disease-causing organisms.
B)include only bacteria and viruses.
C)are all anything causing death and disease including toxic chemicals.
D)are those disease causing agents for which medicines do not exist.
3
Many disease-causing agents have become immune to modern drugs and pesticides because
A)a handful of organisms with natural immunity have had a greater chance of surviving and passing on the genes for resistance to future generations than others.
B)indiscriminant use of drugs and pesticides has accelerated natural selection for resistant strains of pathogens.
C)pathogens have learned how to cope with the chemicals that formerly were lethal to them.
D)two of the above.
4
The chemical responsible for more problems in embryonic development than any other is
A)benzene.
B)thalidomide.
C)alcohol.
D)DDT.
5
Risk factors responsible for one in three U.S. children becoming diabetic include
A)excessive eating.
B)too little exercise.
C)ethnic origins.
D)all of the above.
6
National health and diet goals include
A)eating lots of grains, fruits, and vegetables.
B)eating a variety of foods.
C)engaging in physical activity.
D)all of the above.
7
Evidence suggests that children and adults typically have
A)the sensitivity to environmental toxins.
B)different sensitivities, with children's higher.
C)different sensitivities, with adult's higher.
D)sensitivities that show no particular trends.
8
Factors that can influence the degree of toxicity of a given chemical include
A)time of day of exposure.
B)the solubility of the substance.
C)duration and frequency of exposure.
D)all of the above.
9
Our perception of the degree of risk associated with exposure to substances is influenced by
A)our social or economic interests.
B)our understanding of probability (or lack thereof).
C)the nature of news coverage by the media.
D)all of the above.
10
Health is defined as the absence of disease or disability.
A)TRUE
B)FALSE
11
Half of the antibiotic prescriptions given to humans in the U.S. are unnecessary or the wrong ones.
A)TRUE
B)FALSE
12
Emergence of ecological diseases is typically associated with human-made changes that upset normal ecological relationships.
A)TRUE
B)FALSE
13
Crowded conditions are a contributory factor in three of the four most devastating diseases worldwide.
A)TRUE
B)FALSE
14
Toxins that are water soluble move around the environment much more easily than those not soluble in water.
A)TRUE
B)FALSE
15
Substances that interrupt normal hormone action, can impact human health in many ways beyond sexual function.
A)TRUE
B)FALSE
16
During the twentieth century, life expectancies have ______,
A)tripled
B)doubled
C)not increased dramatically
D)None of the above
17
Toxins are problematic because by definition they are ________.
A)Flammable
B)Irritants
C)Poisonous
D)Harmful at low doses
E)3 and 4 are correct
18
Examples of neurotoxins include _____.
A)Lead
B)Aluminum
C)Mercury
D)All of the above
E)1 and 3 are correct
19
Mutagens ________.
A)Can be passed on to future generations
B)Can lead to birth defects
C)Are generally not found in the environment
D)two of the above are correct
E)None of the above are Correct
20
An interaction between substances which exacerbates their affects is known as _____.
A)Complex Amalgamation
B)Synergism
C)Sympatric Interconnectivity
D)None of the above
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