American History: A Survey (Brinkley), 13th Edition

Chapter 18: THE AGE OF THE CITY

Multiple Choice Quiz

1
Which of the following population trends occurred in the United States from 1860 to 1910?
A)gradual decline of the rural population in absolute numbers
B)shift of the majority of the urban population from the central city to the suburbs
C)significant shift of the population from the North to the South
D)faster rate of growth for the cities than for the general population
E)significant shift of the population from the South to the West
2
Because of rapid growth in the late nineteenth century, American cities
A)protected traditional social and cultural values.
B)provided services and facilities inadequate to demands.
C)witnessed the flight of factories and corporate offices to newer, less crowded locations.
D)supported efficient and honest governments.
E)integrated different ethnicities.
3
American urban population growth from 1860 to 1910 resulted mainly from a(n)
A)low rate of infant mortality.
B)increasing fertility rate.
C)low death rate from disease.
D)increased instances of premarital sex.
E)large influx of new immigrants.
4
The large-scale movement of African Americans from the rural South to industrial cities began during the late nineteenth century mainly because of the
A)poverty and oppression of the South.
B)prospective professional opportunities in the cities.
C)abundance of factory jobs there for African Americans.
D)absence of racial discrimination in the North.
E)absence of job competition in the North.
5
The new immigrants of the late nineteenth century settled primarily in eastern industrial cities because they
A)lacked the capital to buy land and begin farming in the West.
B)found immediate employment as unskilled factory workers.
C)found refuge and camaraderie among fellow nationals there.
D)found refuge and camaraderie among fellow nationals there, and they found immediate employment as unskilled factory workers.
E)lacked the capital to buy land and begin farming in the West, found immediate employment as unskilled workers, and found refuge and camaraderie among fellow nationals there.
6
The formation of ethnic neighborhoods by immigrants in American cities
A)tended to reinforce the cultural values of their previous societies.
B)resulted primarily from discriminatory zoning restrictions.
C)prevented their identification with, and advancement in, American society.
D)intensified a sense of not belonging to a coherent community.
E)pressured residents to assimilate to American society.
7
Nativist reaction against European immigrants of the late nineteenth century resulted from all of the following factors EXCEPT the
A)arrival of such vast numbers of immigrants.
B)refusal of most immigrants and their children to attempt to assimilate themselves into American culture.
C)generalized fears of foreigners.
D)economic concern that immigrant workers would threaten the wages and positions of American workers.
E)prejudices of foreigners.
8
Which of the following groups were excluded from immigration to the United States by laws passed in the 1880s and 1890s?
A)Japanese
B)convicts, paupers, and mental incompetents
C)illiterates
D)Irish
E)Germans
9
The Immigration Restriction League
A)blamed foreigners for all the disorder and corruption of the urban world.
B)advocated the screening of immigrants through literacy tests.
C)adopted crude theories of conspiracy and a stance of rabid xenophobia.
D)enlisted the support of President Grover Cleveland for their proposals.
E)rallied against the creation of ethnic neighborhoods.
10
The majority of big-city residents in late-nineteenth-century America
A)could afford their own houses, thanks to the availability of cheap labor and low building costs.
B)took advantage of less expensive lands on the edges of the city and settled in suburbs.
C)stayed in the city centers and rented living space.
D)exacted high standards from urban landlords.
E)commuted by trains to downtown centers.
11
Most wealthy urban residents
A)lived on the edge of the city to keep distance between them and the urban poor.
B)lived in new "fashionable districts" in the heart of the city.
C)lived in the new suburbs and took the streetcars into the city.
D)built homes at a distance from the city to take advantage of the cleaner air.
E)commuted to work on railroads.
12
By the 1890s, a million New Yorkers lived in tenements, which were
A)slum dwellings with inadequate light, plumbing, and heat.
B)helping relieve and disperse population growth.
C)rental buildings designed for single-family residences.
D)transformed by state laws into model housing units for the poor.
E)stylish homes in a fashionable section of the city.
13
New forms of urban transportation during this era included
A)horse-drawn streetcars.
B)automobiles.
C)commuter ferries.
D)gasoline-powered buses.
E)elevated railroads.
14
What late nineteenth-century technological developments made "skyscrapers" practical?
A)electric elevators
B)air conditioning
C)concrete
D)lightning rods
E)underground cables
15
Urban poverty
A)was greatly relieved by the Salvation Army.
B)was significantly eased by the generosity of the middle class.
C)was not viewed as a structural problem during this era.
D)was eased by the open-minded charity work of Protestant philanthropists.
E)was greatly reduced by the introduction of tenements.
16
The most famous and notorious city "boss" of the late nineteenth century was
A)Louis Sullivan.
B)Theodore Dreiser.
C)John A. Roebling.
D)William M. Tweed.
E)D. W. Griffith.
17
The political machines of the bosses were able to retain power for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
A)immigrant voters were more concerned with receiving services than with middle-class standards of political morality.
B)some wealthy and influential citizens profited from dealings with the bosses.
C)city government structure often had structural weaknesses that kept it from meeting citizen needs.
D)the growth of cities was chaotic.
E)reform groups, able to mobilize public outrage against boss rule, were absent.
18
Which of the following was NOT a trend contributing to the rise of mass consumption in the late nineteenth century?
A)The emergence of ready-made clothing as a basis of the American wardrobe.
B)The breakup of marketing monopolies held by national chain stores.
C)The development of canned food and refrigerated railroad cars.
D)The emergence of large department stores and mail-order houses.
E)The increasing prosperity of the middle class.
19
Each of the following spectator sports increased in popularity during this era EXCEPT
A)baseball.
B)football.
C)boxing.
D)hockey.
E)basketball.
20
Vaudeville shows were composed of
A)traveling dramatists who performed Shakespeare and other classic plays in small towns and cities.
B)a variety of acts including musicians, singers, comedians, magicians, jugglers, dancers, and the like.
C)a mixture of primitive motion pictures with music by a small live orchestra.
D)gypsies and other unsavory characters who used the shows to attract crowds to sell patent medicines and other fraudulent products.
E)only black performers.
21
The emergence of national press services in the late nineteenth century contributed most significantly to
A)increased salaries for reporters.
B)the publication of color photographs.
C)standardization of the news.
D)separation of news from opinions.
E)a professional identity for American journalists.
22
The theory of evolution
A)supported traditional American beliefs about the nature of man and history.
B)met uniform resistance from middle-class Protestant religious leaders.
C)gained greater acceptance in rural areas than in urban areas.
D)influenced new ways of thinking in the social sciences.
E)was at the center of liberal Protestantism.
23
According to the philosophy of pragmatism, modern society, for guidance, should primarily rely on
A)inherited ideals.
B)scientific inquiry.
C)moral principles.
D)religious beliefs.
E)popular ideas.
24
Which of the following trends in American education did NOT take place in the late nineteenth century?
A)the spread of universal free public education
B)passage by states of compulsory attendance laws
C)rapid proliferation of colleges across the nation
D)increased emphasis on the classical curriculum at the university level
E)development of land-grant institutions
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