Biology (Mader), 10th Edition

Chapter 15: Darwin and Evolution

Post-Test

1
Prior to the 1800's people believed _____.
A)the earth was billions of years old
B)living things shared a common ancestor
C)species were specially created and fixed in time
D)species evolved in response to their environment
2
The father of taxonomy who gave us the binomial system of nomenclature is _____.
A)Charles Darwin
B)Carolus Linnaeus
C)Gregor Mendel
D)Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck
3
Lamarck supported the idea of _________.
A)catastrophism
B)acquired characteristics
C)fixity of species
4
The first to use comparative anatomy to develop a system of classifying animals and the founder of the science of paleontology was _____.
A)Lamarck
B)Aristotle
C)Cuvier
D)Linnaeus
5
Charles Darwin based his conclusions regarding common descent on _____.
A)changes undergone by animals during development
B)artificial selection by humans
C)the presence of vestigial organs
D)All of the above
6
Which of the following is biochemical evidence that supports the hypothesis of common descent?
A)Use of the same DNA triplet code and the same amino acids in different organisms' proteins
B)Homologous structures like the forelimbs of vertebrates
C)Vestigial structures like the pelvic bones of snakes
D)All of these
7
Which of the following is an example of a vestigial structure?
A)Whale pelvic bone
B)Bat wing
C)Pharyngeal pouch
D)Parathyroid gland
8
Analogous structures _____.
A)share a common ancestry
B)have similar structures
C)serve the same function
D)All of these
9
Homologous structures _____.
A)have similar structures
B)were inherited from a common ancestor
C)are exemplified by vertebrate forelimbs
D)All of these
10
Anatomical structures that are fully developed in one group of organisms but are reduced and have no function in similar groups are called _____.
A)vestigial structures
B)homologous structures
C)analogous structures
11
Darwin would not have used _____ evidence to support his hypothesis of common descent.
A)fossil
B)biochemical
C)anatomical
D)biogeographical
12
After separation of the continents, marsupials diversified into many different forms in _____ because there were few, if any, placental mammals present.
A)Antarctica
B)Europe
C)Australia
D)North America
13
The mechanism by which adaptation to the environment occurs that was proposed by Darwin was _____.
A)artificial selection
B)uniformitarianism
C)catastrophism
D)natural selection
14
When humans determine which animals will reproduce, _____ selection takes place.
A)natural
B)sexual
C)artificial
D)stabilizing
15
Darwin applied the concept of human reproductive potential stressed by Malthus to all organisms and concluded that _____.
A)the earth is much older than previously thought
B)the available resources were not sufficient for all members of a population to survive
C)variations are the result of allele recombination during sexual reproduction
D)All of these
16
The heavy beak of the large ground-dwelling is suited to a diet of _____.
A)prickly pear cacti
B)insects caught in the air
C)seeds
D)nectar from cactus flowers
17
Darwin collected fossil remains of _____ on the east coast of South America.
A)a long-necked tortoise
B)a woodpecker-type finch
C)an armadillo-like animal
D)All of these
18
Lyell's theory that the Earth's geological changes are the result of slow changes that occur at a uniform rate is known as _____.
A)theory of acquired inheritance
B)uniformitarianism
C)catastrophism
D)natural selection
19
Cuvier proposed the explanation of the history of life known as catatrophism to explain _____.
A)the presence of vestigial structures
B)similarities between Patagonian hares and rabbits
C)the succession of life-forms observed in the Earth's strata in a particular region
D)the classification of organisms
20
Which of the following is an example of a living fossil?
A)The dawn redwood
B)A horseshoe crab
C)The coelacanth fish
D)All of these
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