Biology (Mader), 10th Edition

Chapter 29: Vertebrate Evolution

Learning Outcomes

After studying this chapter, you should be able to accomplish the following outcomes.

The Chordates

1. Outline the four characteristics of chordates.
2. Describe and give examples of the two nonvertebrate chordates.
3. List the seven derived characteristics used to form the chordate phylogenetic tree.

4. Describe the four features in addition to the chordate characteristics which characterize the vertebrates.
5. Discuss the evolution of vertebrates.

6. Give examples of the jawless fishes, living and extinct.
7. State the characteristics of the jawed fishes.
8. Distinguish between the cartilaginous fishes and the bony fishes, giving examples of each.

9. List the major characteristics of amphibians.
10. Discuss the evolution of amphibians.
11. Use examples to demonstrate the diversity of living amphibians.

12. State the major characteristics of reptiles.
13. Explain why the amniotes are considered a paraphyletic group.
14. Discuss the evolution of the major groups of reptiles.
15. Use examples to demonstrate the diversity of living reptiles.
16. Outline the major characteristics of birds and explain how they aid in flight.
17. Describe the medicinal uses of vertebrates.

18. State the major characteristics of mammals.
19. Discuss the evolution of the major mammalian groups.
20. Distinguish between the major groups of mammals and give examples of each group.