Biology (Mader), 10th Edition

Objective: Discuss the research being done on bear hibernation physiology and the implications that this knowledge might have on human bone growth.

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1.		In humans, what happens to bones with decreased physical activity?
			A)	Bones become brittle and break more readily
			B)	Bone’s become rubbery and are susceptible to bowing.
			C)	Bone production slows and breakdown increases.
			D)	There is no impact on bones detected.
2.		What area of research on bear metabolism is being studied to better understand the methods used to keep their bones strong during inactivity?
			A)	They are interested in the type of REM sleep bears have which continues to stimulate their muscles during hibernation.
			B)	Examining how hormones influence how bears recycle calcium.
			C)	How their blood temperature is maintained as a homeothermic animal.
			D)	They are interested in determining how type of diet impacts a bear’s available calcium levels.
3.		What are the two hormones that are involved in bone development and found in both bears and humans?
			A)	oxytosin and thyroid hormone
			B)	adrenalin and insulin
			C)	estrogen and testosterone
			D)	calcitonin and parathyroid hormone
4.		Where do bears obtain their calcium for bone rebuilding when they are hibernating?
			A)	from their body fat reserves
			B)	the calcium is conserved from their feces and urine
			C)	they get up occasionally and forage for food, then return to their den
			D)	they store a cache in their den for an occasional feeding
5.		What disease has attention been directed toward with this new knowledge of bone maintenance in bears?
			A)	osteoporosis
			B)	muscular dystrophy
			C)	dental carries
			D)	bone cancer