Hole's Human Anatomy & Physiology (Shier), 12th Edition

Learning Outcome 10.6

1			The______of a neuron carries the impulse towards the nucleus.
			A)	cell body
			B)	myelin
			C)	axon
			D)	dendrite

Learning Outcome 10.6

2			Which part of a neuron is directly involved with protein synthesis?
			A)	cell body
			B)	neurofibrils
			C)	Nissl body
			D)	neurolemma

Learning Outcome 10.6

3			Which part of a neuron comes in close proximity to another neuron at the synapse?
			A)	synaptic knob
			B)	dendrite
			C)	axon
			D)	collateral fiber

Learning Outcome 10.11

4			The phagocytic cells in the CNS are the ______.
			A)	astrocytes
			B)	microglia
			C)	oligodendrocytes
			D)	ependymal cells

Learning Outcome 10.10

5			The following belong together except which one?
			A)	multipolar
			B)	motor
			C)	sensory
			D)	efferent

Learning Outcome 10.10

6			The following belong together except which one?
			A)	interneuron
			B)	intercalated neuron
			C)	association neuron
			D)	sensory neuron

Learning Outcome 10.10

7			The nucleus of a sensory neuron can be found within the _____.
			A)	CNS
			B)	ganglia
			C)	myelin sheath
			D)	spinal cord

Learning Outcome 10.10

8			Gross nerves that contain sensory impulses are referred to as _____.
			A)	afferent
			B)	roots
			C)	mixed
			D)	efferent

Learning Outcome 10.3

9			The PNS is comprised of cranial nerves and _____.
			A)	spinal cord
			B)	sensory nerves
			C)	the brain
			D)	spinal nerves

Learning Outcome 10.4

10			The cells that conduct messages towards the brain are the_______________.
			A)	motor neurons
			B)	sensory neurons
			C)	interneurons
			D)	neuroglia

Learning Outcome 10.11

11			Which of these cells does NOT belong with the others?
			A)	microglia
			B)	neuron
			C)	astrocyte
			D)	oligodendrocyte

Learning Outcome 10.11

12			The _____ cells are capable of removing a blood clot from the brain.
			A)	astrocyte
			B)	oligodendrocyte
			C)	microglia
			D)	ependymal

Learning Outcome 10.16

13			Which of these is true when a neuron is at rest?
			A)	the outside is positive
			B)	the outside is negative
			C)	there is no voltage
			D)	the inside is positive

Learning Outcome 10.11

14			The _____cells provide a means of acquiring nutrients in the brain.
			A)	astrocyte
			B)	microglia
			C)	ependymal
			D)	oligodendrocyte

Learning Outcome 10.16

15			The resting potential of a neuron is _____mv.
			A)	+30
			B)	-70
			C)	0
			D)	-90

Learning Outcome 10.14

16			Saltatory conduction occurs when an impulse jumps from _____.
			A)	axon to dendrite
			B)	node to node
			C)	dendrite to axon
			D)	node of Ranvier to axon

Learning Outcome 10.17

17			Acetylcholine is decomposed by _____almost as fast as it is released.
			A)	monoamine oxidase
			B)	MAO inhibitors
			C)	norepinephrine
			D)	acetylcholinesterase

Learning Outcome 10.17

18			The following belong together except which one?
			A)	norepinephrine
			B)	acetylcholine
			C)	epinephrine
			D)	adrenalin

Learning Outcome 10.5

19			A morphine-like pain suppressing brain substance is _____.
			A)	substance P
			B)	beta-endorphin
			C)	nicotine
			D)	neuropeptide

Learning Outcome 10.17

20			A change in a dendrite which lessens the probability of a conduction is the _____.
			A)	EPSP
			B)	IPSP
			C)	threshold potential
			D)	action potential

Learning Outcome 10.19

21			A drug, which prevents over-stimulation by the PNS neurons, is _____.
			A)	curare
			B)	caffeine
			C)	amphetamine
			D)	tricyclic anti-depressant

Learning Outcome 10.14

22			Which of the following does not belong with the rest?
			A)	summation
			B)	facilitation
			C)	divergence
			D)	convergence

Learning Outcome 10.10

23			Which type of short neuron is found in the retina?
			A)	bipolar
			B)	unipolar
			C)	multipolar
			D)	sensory

Learning Outcome 10.6

24			Collaterals are fibers arising from the ____of neurons.
			A)	dendrite
			B)	axon
			C)	soma
			D)	synapse

Learning Outcome 10.3

25			Nerves that carry impulses from the heart to the brain could be classed as _____fibers.
			A)	somatic efferent
			B)	visceral efferent
			C)	somatic afferent
			D)	visceral afferent

Learning Outcome 10.12

26			The cells that produce myelin in the PNS are the ______.
			A)	oligodendrocytes
			B)	axons
			C)	Schwann cells
			D)	ependymal

Learning Outcome 10.5

27			The following could be grouped together except which one?
			A)	association
			B)	motor
			C)	internuncial
			D)	interneuron

Learning Outcome 10.11

28			The ______cells play a role in the establishment of a blood-brain chemical barrier.
			A)	microglia
			B)	neuron
			C)	astrocyte
			D)	ependymal

Learning Outcome 10.6

29			Branched nerve fibers that convey local potential changes toward the cell body of a neuron are called _____________.
			A)	axons
			B)	dendrites
			C)	axon collaterals
			D)	axon terminals

Learning Outcome 10.18

30			Myelin sheaths on the outsides of many axons in the peripheral nervous system are contributed by ______________.
			A)	the axon itself
			B)	secretory vesicles
			C)	Schwann cells
			D)	the cell bodies of the neuron

Learning Outcome 10.10

31			A neuron with many nerve fibers arising from its cell body and that carries impulses away from the brain would be classified as __________________.
			A)	multipolar
			B)	bipolar
			C)	unipolar and sensory
			D)	multipolar and motor

Learning Outcome 10.10

32			Which types of neurons are likely to increase muscular activities?
			A)	excitatory neurons
			B)	inhibitory neurons
			C)	bipolar neurons
			D)	sensory neurons

Learning Outcome 10.11

33			The _______________ are the types of neuroglial cells that provide myelin in the central nervous system.
			A)	astrocytes
			B)	oligodendrocytes
			C)	microglia
			D)	ependyma

Learning Outcome 10.11

34			Cut neurons in the PNS possess limited capabilities for regeneration. The type of neuroglial cell that aids regeneration by forming a regeneration tube to help reestablish the former connection is the _______________.
			A)	Schwann cell
			B)	astrocyte
			C)	microglial cell
			D)	ependymal cell

Learning Outcome 10.16

35			At resting potential, the ion distribution inside and outside of a neuron is such that __________ ions are most abundant on the outside of the cell, while __________ ions are most abundant on the inside of the cell.
			A)	potassium; sodium
			B)	sodium; potassium
			C)	calcium; phosphate
			D)	sulfate; potassium

Learning Outcome 10.15

36			In response to a stimulus, if the membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting potential, we say the membrane is _______________.
			A)	hyperpolarized
			B)	depolarized
			C)	unpolarized
			D)	polarized

Learning Outcome 10.16

37			When a neuron reaches action potential, it depolarizes and repolarizes in an amount of time on the order of ________________.
			A)	seconds
			B)	milliseconds
			C)	microseconds
			D)	nanoseconds

Learning Outcome 10.17

38			Select the incorrect statement about nerve impulse conduction.
			A)	Saltatory conduction involves Schwann cells and occurs at greater speed than on unmyelinated fibers.
			B)	Nerve impulses occur in an all-or-none manner.
			C)	The neuron cannot be stimulated during the absolute refractory period.
			D)	The strength of impulses carried along a single axon can vary with the strength of the initiating stimulus.

Learning Outcome 10.19

39			Excessive sleeping is most likely due to the presence of too much of which neurotransmitter?
			A)	GABA
			B)	norepinephrine
			C)	serotonin
			D)	dopamine

Learning Outcome 10.19

40			Myasthenia gravis reflects a deficiency in communication by _______________ because receptors for this neurotransmitter have been destroyed.
			A)	acetylcholine
			B)	norepinephrine
			C)	GABA
			D)	dopamine

Learning Outcome 10.17

41			Fibers that originate from different parts of the nervous system and lead to the same neuron are exhibiting _____________.
			A)	facilitation
			B)	convergence
			C)	divergence
			D)	neuromodulation

Learning Outcome 10.1

42			Which term does NOT belong with the others?
			A)	brain
			B)	spinal cord
			C)	CNS
			D)	spinal nerve

Learning Outcome 10.19

43			Norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine and serotonin are classed as monoamine neurotransmitters.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 10.19

44			Food additives, such as MSG (monosodium glutamate) derived from glutamic acid, could act as neurotransmitters.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 10.19

45			Neurotransmitters are usually released into the synaptic vesicles during depolarization.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 10.16

46			Subthreshold stimuli can never evoke an action potential.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 10.17

47			Convergence is a way of amplifying a stimulus through a neuronal pool.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 10.5

48			An effector is usually a muscle or motor nerve.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 10.10

49			Motor neurons usually have one axon and several dendrites.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 10.2

50			Nervous tissue includes areas of connective tissue.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 10.4

51			Somatic afferent fibers would carry sensory impulses away from the brain, towards areas such as the eye.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 10.11

52			Most brain tumors arise from neuroglial cell overgrowth.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 10.1

53			A damaged CNS nerve could not regenerate as easily as a PNS fiber.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 10.9

54			Gray matter most significantly contains cell bodies and dendrites.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 10.15

55			The ion that always moves in a membrane direction opposite to sodium is K+.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 10.15

56			Drugs that hyperpolarize an axon would make the nerve less sensitive to stimulations.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 10.19

57			Calcium channels open during synaptic transmission.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 10.18

58			Having myelin increases the velocity of conduction.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 10.16

59			The action potential is around -70 mv.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 10.16

60			The all-or-none response means that a subthreshold stimulus can never stimulate a nerve.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 10.15

61			Sodium moves out of an axon as it is depolarizing.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 10.16

62			Local potential changes are graded.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 10.3

63			A damaged phrenic nerve would heal more slowly than a severed spinal nerve.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 10.11

64			Oligodendrocytes can be found within the brain.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 10.19

65			Vesicles are intracellular accumulation of neurotransmitter.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 10.10

66			Motor neurons receive impulses from the muscles in order to regulate glandular secretions.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 10.6

67			The nucleus of a neuron is always located within the cell body region.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 10.6

68			All neurons have at least one dendrite but one or more axons.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 10.10

69			Motor neurons usually have a more complex structure than sensory neurons.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 10.6

70			Only axons are capable of conducting action potentials.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 10.11

71			The oligodendrocytes are capable of producing the myelin sheath that will wrap around a spinal nerve.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 10.8

72			The nodes of Ranvier function in slowing the conduction of the impulse.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 10.19

73			The enzyme acetylcholinesterase acts to keep the signal duration short between certain neurons or between neurons and skeletal muscle fibers.
			A)	True
			B)	False