Hole's Human Anatomy & Physiology (Shier), 12th Edition

Learning Outcome 11.1

1			A cranial dural sinus contains which type of fluid?
			A)	arterial blood
			B)	mucus
			C)	venous blood
			D)	pure cerebrospinal fluid

Learning Outcome 11.4

2			Most of the cerebrospinal fluid is found in the _____.
			A)	dural sinuses
			B)	pia mater
			C)	subarachnoid space
			D)	epidural space

Learning Outcome 11.3

3			The _____ extension of the dura mater that separates the two cerebellar hemispheres.
			A)	falx cerebelli
			B)	falx cerebri
			C)	tentorium cerebelli
			D)	arachnoid meninx

Learning Outcome 11.5

4			To minimize trauma, a spinal tap is properly done below the level of _____.
			A)	L1
			B)	L2
			C)	S1
			D)	L3

Learning Outcome 11.8

5			The cerebral hemispheres are connected by a large white fiber pathway called the _____.
			A)	fornix
			B)	insula
			C)	circular sulcus
			D)	corpus callosum

Learning Outcome 11.8

6			Broca's motor area is primarily concerned with _____.
			A)	vision
			B)	speech
			C)	hearing
			D)	sensory impulses

Learning Outcome 11.9

7			Broca's area is usually in the _____ area of the _____.
			A)	left; prefrontal cortex
			B)	right; temporal lobe
			C)	left; frontal lobe
			D)	right; occipital lobe

Learning Outcome 11.9

8			Loss of the ability to speak is always related to _____.
			A)	apraxia
			B)	cerebrovascular accident
			C)	concussion
			D)	aphasia

Learning Outcome 11.9

9			The precentral gyrus is involved with _____ activities.
			A)	sensory
			B)	abstract mental
			C)	visual perception
			D)	motor

Learning Outcome 11.8

10			The infundibulum is a narrow part of the _____.
			A)	hypothalamus
			B)	pituitary
			C)	pineal gland
			D)	thalamus

Learning Outcome 11.8

11			Which of the following is an area of decussation?
			A)	optic tract
			B)	optic chiasma
			C)	optic nerve
			D)	olfactory tract

Learning Outcome 11.9

12			Sensory impulses are screened and relayed to higher centers by the _____ region.
			A)	thalamus
			B)	hypothalamus
			C)	mammillary body
			D)	limbic system

Learning Outcome 11.9

13			Of the following, the area that has the greatest effect on visceral functions such as heart rate and hormone production is the _____.
			A)	thalamus
			B)	hypothalamus
			C)	cerebellum
			D)	midbrain

Learning Outcome 11.12

14			Most integration of the sex and food drive behaviors is accomplished through the _____ areas.
			A)	cerebral cortex
			B)	hypothalamic nuclei
			C)	limbic system
			D)	brain stem

Learning Outcome 11.9

15			The area that coordinates visual reflexes is the _____.
			A)	cerebellum
			B)	superior colliculus
			C)	inferior colliculus
			D)	cerebral peduncles

Learning Outcome 11.5

16			The following are plexus names except which one?
			A)	cervical
			B)	thoracic
			C)	lumbar
			D)	brachial

Learning Outcome 11.5

17			The phrenic nerve arises from the _____ plexus.
			A)	cervical
			B)	brachial
			C)	lumbar
			D)	thoracic

Learning Outcome 11.16

18			The largest and longest nerve in the body is the _____.
			A)	femoral
			B)	sciatic
			C)	phrenic
			D)	vagus

Learning Outcome 11.18

19			The following belong together except which one?
			A)	sympathetic
			B)	parasympathetic
			C)	chain ganglia
			D)	paravertebral ganglia

Learning Outcome 11.19

20			Sympathetic nerves arise from _____ and _____ regions.
			A)	cervical; lumbar
			B)	cranial; sacral
			C)	cranial; thoracic
			D)	thoracic; lumbar

Learning Outcome 11.3

21			_____ is an inflammation of the brain coverings.
			A)	Encephalitis
			B)	Meningitis
			C)	Poliomyelitis
			D)	Cerebral palsy

Learning Outcome 11.5

22			The right and left gray matter areas of the spinal cord are connected by the _____.
			A)	white commissure
			B)	gray commissure
			C)	central canal
			D)	lateral funiculus

Learning Outcome 11.5

23			The _____ is the most inferior area of the spinal cord.
			A)	cervical enlargement
			B)	conus medullaris
			C)	lumbar enlargement
			D)	filum terminale

Learning Outcome 11.5

24			The _____ tract is motor in nature.
			A)	fasciculus gracilis
			B)	spinothalamic
			C)	spinocerebellar
			D)	corticospinal

Learning Outcome 11.8

25			At what level do the majority of nerve fibers cross from the right to the left?
			A)	T1-T12
			B)	medulla
			C)	pons
			D)	cervical region of spinal cord

Learning Outcome 11.2

26			The term, which means crossing over, is _____.
			A)	fasciculus
			B)	commissure
			C)	decussation
			D)	degeneration

Learning Outcome 11.8

27			Lou Gehrig's disease can also be called _____.
			A)	cerebral palsy
			B)	poliomyelitis
			C)	amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
			D)	hemiplegia

Learning Outcome 11.9

28			The main symptom of upper motor neuron syndrome is _____.
			A)	flaccid paralysis
			B)	spastic paralysis
			C)	lower motor neuron involvement
			D)	severe pain

Learning Outcome 11.8

29			The brain contains about how many fibers and neurons?
			A)	600 trillion
			B)	5 million
			C)	100 billion
			D)	6 trillion

Learning Outcome 11.8

30			Initially, the developing forebrain is called the _____.
			A)	prosencephalon
			B)	diencephalon
			C)	telencephalon
			D)	rhombencephalon

Learning Outcome 11.9

31			Pyramidal cells are located in the _____ region.
			A)	cerebellar
			B)	cerebral cortex
			C)	corpus callosum
			D)	basal ganglia

Learning Outcome 11.9

32			The junction of the parietal, temporal and occipital association areas is called the _____.
			A)	general somesthetic area
			B)	general interpretative area
			C)	precentral gyrus motor region
			D)	motor speech area

Learning Outcome 11.11

33			Right and left hemisphere memories are connected by the _____.
			A)	presence of association fibers
			B)	cerebellum
			C)	corpus callosum
			D)	convolutions

Learning Outcome 11.9

34			The main difference between a CVA and TIA is that a CVA _____.
			A)	is more severe
			B)	occurs in a larger area
			C)	involves some permanent damage
			D)	causes only temporary loss of function

Learning Outcome 11.9

35			A blow to the skull causes a _____ when the person loses consciousness.
			A)	concussion
			B)	contusion
			C)	CVA
			D)	TIA

Learning Outcome 11.8

36			What is the term for lack of blood flow?
			A)	hypoxia
			B)	infarction
			C)	ischemia
			D)	hypoxemia

Learning Outcome 11.11

37			Short-term memory seems to be processed in the _____ and frontal lobe areas.
			A)	hypothalamus
			B)	hippocampus
			C)	temporal
			D)	occipital

Learning Outcome 11.9

38			The inability to perform a simple task such as picking up a quarter, is related to ______.
			A)	cerebral dominance
			B)	aphasia
			C)	apraxia
			D)	lissencephaly

Learning Outcome 11.9

39			Which of these terms does NOT belong with the others?
			A)	sensory
			B)	motor
			C)	dorsal root
			D)	posterior cord

Learning Outcome 11.8

40			The following are basal nuclei terms except which one?
			A)	caudate nucleus
			B)	putamen
			C)	hippocampus
			D)	globus pallidus

Learning Outcome 11.9

41			The basal nuclei are mainly related to _____ functions.
			A)	motor
			B)	sensory
			C)	mental
			D)	autonomic

Learning Outcome 11.8

42			The interventricular foramen connects the _____.
			A)	two lateral ventricles
			B)	lateral to fourth ventricle
			C)	lateral to third ventricle
			D)	third to fourth ventricle

Learning Outcome 11.8

43			The third ventricle is located around and near the _____.
			A)	hippocampus
			B)	thalamus
			C)	cerebellum
			D)	midbrain

Learning Outcome 11.4

44			The cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the capillaries of the _____.
			A)	lateral ventricle
			B)	arachnoid villi
			C)	choroid plexus
			D)	dural sinus

Learning Outcome 11.4

45			On the average, nearly _____ ml of CSF are produced daily.
			A)	100
			B)	500
			C)	140
			D)	1,000

Learning Outcome 11.4

46			Which of the following is NOT normally a part of cerebrospinal fluid?
			A)	glucose
			B)	electrolytes
			C)	Na+
			D)	erythrocytes

Learning Outcome 11.4

47			Reabsorption of CSF occurs from the _____ into the dural sinuses.
			A)	pia mater
			B)	jugular vein
			C)	arachnoid granulations
			D)	arachnoid mater

Learning Outcome 11.4

48			The following are true of CSF except which one?
			A)	is produced by choroid plexuses
			B)	transports glucose and other brain nutrients
			C)	flows under high pressure
			D)	found in all ventricles

Learning Outcome 11.4

49			A spinal cord CSF sample is usually taken from the _____.
			A)	brain
			B)	peripheral nerves
			C)	lumbar subarachnoid space
			D)	cervical subarachnoid space

Learning Outcome 11.9

50			The _____ has the main centers for breathing reflexes.
			A)	pons
			B)	medulla
			C)	cerebrum
			D)	hypothalamus

Learning Outcome 11.9

51			Which of the following is NOT a medullary vital center?
			A)	thirst center
			B)	cardiac
			C)	vasomotor
			D)	respiratory

Learning Outcome 11.12

52			The _____ acts to keep one aroused and awake.
			A)	vasomotor center
			B)	corpora quadrigemina
			C)	diencephalon
			D)	reticular formation

Learning Outcome 11.8

53			The following are true of the cerebellum except which one?
			A)	has lobes connected by the vermis
			B)	controls voluntary movements
			C)	controls involuntary movements
			D)	has the arbor vitae pathways

Learning Outcome 11.15

54			The cranial nerve directly involved with swallowing is the _____.
			A)	XII
			B)	IX
			C)	spinal accessory
			D)	facial

Learning Outcome 11.15

55			Eye movement is brought about by all of these except _____.
			A)	ophthalmic nerve
			B)	IV
			C)	III
			D)	abducens

Learning Outcome 11.15

56			Tic douloureux is facial pain traveling through the ____ nerve.
			A)	facial
			B)	hypoglossal
			C)	trigeminal
			D)	cranial 8th

Learning Outcome 11.17

57			The longest autonomic nerve is the _____.
			A)	phrenic
			B)	spinal accessory
			C)	vagus
			D)	thoracic

Learning Outcome 11.15

58			The _____ nerve is a branch of the VIII cranial nerve.
			A)	ophthalmic
			B)	mandibular
			C)	maxillary
			D)	cochlear

Learning Outcome 11.9

59			An area of skin innervated by sensory nerves is a _____.
			A)	dermatome
			B)	ventral root
			C)	dermal receptor
			D)	dorsal root

Learning Outcome 11.20

60			Norepinephrine is released from _____ nerves.
			A)	all autonomic
			B)	all parasympathetic
			C)	sympathetic preganglionic
			D)	sympathetic postganglionic

Learning Outcome 11.18

61			The following could occur together effectively except which?
			A)	increase heart rate
			B)	sweating
			C)	digestion
			D)	pupil dilation

Learning Outcome 11.5

62			In which portion of the spinal cord do the interneurons lie?
			A)	cervical enlargement
			B)	lumbar enlargement
			C)	gray matter
			D)	white matter

Learning Outcome 11.16

63			Which tract would be most likely to carry sensory impulses from the skin and joints to the brain?
			A)	fasciculus gracilis
			B)	corticospinal tracts
			C)	reticulospinal tracts
			D)	rubrospinal tracts

Learning Outcome 11.7

64			The following statements all regard reflexes. Choose the statement that is incorrect.
			A)	Reflexes are automatic, subconscious responses.
			B)	Reflexes involve at least three neurons and all arcs through the spinal cord.
			C)	The knee-jerk reflex is an example of a monosynaptic reflex.
			D)	Sometimes reflexes are carried out properly because of reciprocal innervation.

Learning Outcome 11.8

65			The embryonic hindbrain gives rise to what structures in the brain?
			A)	cerebrum and basal ganglia
			B)	diencephalon
			C)	midbrain
			D)	cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata

Learning Outcome 11.9

66			When a person thinks and solves problems, which area of the cerebrum is involved?
			A)	frontal lobe
			B)	parietal lobe
			C)	occipital lobe
			D)	temporal lobe

Learning Outcome 11.8

67			The _________________ is a portion of the brain that maintains homeostasis by linking activities of the endocrine and nervous systems together.
			A)	thalamus
			B)	hypothalamus
			C)	infundibulum
			D)	mammillary body

Learning Outcome 11.16

68			What kind of peripheral nerve fiber carries motor impulses outward to smooth muscles and glands of internal organs?
			A)	general somatic efferent fibers
			B)	general visceral efferent fibers
			C)	general somatic afferent fibers
			D)	general visceral afferent fibers

Learning Outcome 11.15

69			The smallest pair of cranial nerves that arise from the midbrain and carry motor impulses to the superior oblique muscles of the eye are the ______________ nerves.
			A)	trochlear
			B)	abducens
			C)	facial
			D)	optic

Learning Outcome 11.18

70			The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is characterized by each of these except which one?
			A)	Preganglionic fibers arise from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord.
			B)	Terminal ganglia are located close to effector organs.
			C)	Preganglionic fibers are myelinated; postganglionic fibers are not.
			D)	Parasympathetic postganglionic fibers secrete acetylcholine.

Learning Outcome 11.9

71			Partial or complete inability to coordinate voluntary movements is also referred to as ___________.
			A)	aphasia
			B)	ataxia
			C)	apraxia
			D)	neuralgia

Learning Outcome 11.17

72			Which structures would NOT be innervated by the sympathetic nervous system?
			A)	skeletal muscle
			B)	glands
			C)	smooth muscle
			D)	cardiac muscle

Learning Outcome 11.13

73			The connective tissue closest to the single neuron is the _____________.
			A)	myelin sheath
			B)	perineurium
			C)	epineurium
			D)	endoneurium

Learning Outcome 11.9

74			The cell body of all somatic sensory neurons is located within the___________ .
			A)	brain
			B)	spinal cord
			C)	dorsal root ganglion
			D)	dorsal gray horn

Learning Outcome 11.7

75			Which term should be last in this reflex sequence?
			A)	sensory neuron
			B)	motor neuron
			C)	effector
			D)	receptor

Learning Outcome 11.20

76			Parkinson disease tremors are the result of which condition?
			A)	dopamine excess
			B)	norepinephrine deficiency
			C)	epinephrine excess
			D)	dopamine deficiency

Learning Outcome 11.8

77			The connection between the third and fourth ventricle is called the _____.
			A)	interventricular foramen
			B)	cerebral aqueduct
			C)	foramen of Monro
			D)	hypothalamus

Learning Outcome 11.9

78			Breathing centers accessory to the medulla oblongata are located in which brain area?
			A)	cerebellum
			B)	pons
			C)	hypothalamus
			D)	midbrain

Learning Outcome 11.8

79			Which brain area acts to regulate body temperature?
			A)	thalamus
			B)	cerebrum
			C)	hypothalamus
			D)	cerebellum

Learning Outcome 11.9

80			Which brain area acts to screen all incoming sensory data except for smell?
			A)	cerebral cortex
			B)	medulla
			C)	cerebellum
			D)	thalamus

Learning Outcome 11.9

81			Emotional responses and attitudes are associated with which brain area?
			A)	limbic system
			B)	hypothalamus
			C)	cerebellum
			D)	cerebrum

Learning Outcome 11.8

82			The cerebral hemispheres are connected by the _____.
			A)	longitudinal fissure
			B)	cortex
			C)	corpus callosum
			D)	brain stem

Learning Outcome 11.2

83			All spinal tracts must pass through the medulla oblongata.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 11.8

84			The ventricles are solid regions of the embryonic brain.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 11.8

85			The telencephalon develops into the cerebellum.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 11.8

86			The myelencephalon becomes the medulla oblongata.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 11.8

87			The cerebral aqueduct passes through the cerebellum.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 11.8

88			Anencephaly is a condition in which the brain fails to develop.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 11.5

89			Spina bifida is a condition of incomplete closure of the posterior parts of the spinal cord.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 11.8

90			A gyrus is a shallow groove in the brain surface.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 11.8

91			The cerebral cortex contains 50% of the cell bodies in the nervous system.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 11.9

92			Movements of the right arm and right eye are controlled by neurons in the left cerebral hemisphere.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 11.9

93			Higher mental skills are associated mainly with the association areas of the frontal lobes.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 11.10

94			Language abilities are mainly a right hemisphere phenomenon.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 11.9

95			Long-term memory is related to functions of the hippocampus.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 11.9

96			The basal nuclei mainly function to stimulate and control motor movements.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 11.9

97			The tremors in Parkinsons disease are caused by a deficiency of dopamine activity.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 11.9

98			Huntington disease usually has symptoms of hypokinesia, or reduced movements.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 11.5

99			A lumbar puncture can be referred to as a spinal tap.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 11.8

100			Hydrocephalus usually results in a reduction of ICP.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 11.16

101			The axillary nerves arise from the brachial plexus.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 11.17

102			The autonomic nervous system is voluntary in nature.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 11.3

103			The meninges cover the brain, spinal cord, and spinal nerves.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 11.1

104			Bleeding into the brain is called a subdural hematoma.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 11.16

105			The vagus nerve is adrenergic in function.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 11.17

106			Norepinephrine stimulates alpha and beta receptors effectively the same.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 11.17

107			Somatic nerve fibers enter the area of the intestines.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 11.12

108			The reticular formation can dysfunction resulting in a coma.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 11.12

109			Dreaming occurs during normal, non-REM sleep.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 11.8

110			Proper posture and balance are functions of the cerebellum.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 11.2

111			An isoelectric EEG can be an indicator of death.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 11.15

112			Olfactory nerves innervate the taste buds.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 11.16

113			There are 30 pairs of spinal nerves.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 11.14

114			The dorsal roots are sensory in nature.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 11.7

115			The withdrawal reflex is an example of a contralateral reflex.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 11.7

116			Connections to the brain are required in order to have a reflex such as a knee-jerk.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 11.1

117			The term gray matter is used to describe the appearance of myelinated nerve fibers.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 11.5

118			Connections between neurons are mainly found within the central white matter portion of the spinal cord.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 11.7

119			Persons are usually NOT aware that reflexes are occurring, because they are involuntary.
			A)	True
			B)	False